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Questions and Answers

2022

  • Question
    ID? Found growing is a shallow swale in a wooded wetland in central MA. Photo from November, 2021. Thanks!
    Answer
    Dear JMP, good morning. Your plant may be Chrysosplenium americanum (golden-saxifrage). These are wetland and shoreline plants with trailing stems and opposite leaves. I write that this may be because the image is taken from too far away for me to see details (a closer image in addition to this one would be very useful). Perhaps this suggestion will help you find the identity. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Bath,ME. Marsh in someone's freshwater marsh backyard right in town! Lots of cattails, invasive loosestrife and this grass/sedge? Up to 5' tall when stretched out.
    Answer
    Dear sweetferngarden, the plant that you have photographed looks like Carex lacustris (lake-side sedge), a native member of the sedge family. This species is a frequent component of fresh-water wetland systems, including marshes, shorelines, and low areas in fields. It is a relatively robust graminoid (as you have noted). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, in today's Plant of the Day (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum), the lead description indicates there are "two subspecies and several varieties." In layman's terms, could you explain what a subspecies is and how that differs from a variety? Does this have anything to do with a plant's geographic location, unique habitat, or particular genotype? Several folks in my wild plant group are curious about how the terms are applied. Thanks very much!
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, the problem is that there is no universally accepted definition of subspecies or variety and different authors use them completely differently or interchangeably. The only rule to know is that when both are used in a species, subspecies is a higher rank than variety. That all written, a slight majority of authors do use subspecies for infraspecific taxa that have (1) largely different ranges or (2) different ploidy levels (i.e., different numbers of sets of chromosomes). That is what I have done in the Flora Novae Angliae manual. If the above conditions are true, then the rank of subspecies is used, otherwise, it is variety that is used. There is a discussion of this in the introduction of Flora Novae Angliae. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, I believe this is a species of lobelia. Could it be Lobelia spicata? Photo taken July 23 in Moshassuck River Preserve, Lincoln, RI. Thanks, as always!
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, based on the shape of the leaf blades and the length of the hypanthium relative to the free portion of the sepals, it is more likely this is Lobelia inflata (bladder-pod lobelia). This is probably the most common species of the genus in New England. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello again, I inadvertently hit the "Submit" rather than the "Upload Image" button. Here are the accompanying images. Sorry. Location: Lincoln, RI. Photos taken in July. If you could point me in the right direction, I'll try and sort out who's who. Much appreciated. Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, if possible, it will be easier to deal with each species one at a time so that we don't get confused which ones I'm trying to identify as you have at least four species presented in the array of images. Also, when possible, you will want to take images of both surfaces of the leaves--because without images of the lower surface, I can't see sori, hairs, scales, and other features that are necessary for identification. In order, the species appear to be Amauropelta novaboracensis (New York fern), Onoclea sensibilis (sensitive fern), Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (cinnamon fern), and Polypodium virgianum (rock polypody). Identification tip for the last species, it is the oblong blade shape that is really indicative of this species (P. appalachianum has a more triangular blade shape). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, I believe this is a species of alder. Would I be far off in thinking this is speckled alder (Alnus incana)? The bark seems to exhibit the white lenticels which is, I think, indicative of this species. Thanks!
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, you do appear to have Alnus incana subspecies rugosa, which is a native shrub that fixes atmospheric nitrogen (i.e., it enriches the soil). All the species of alder are native to New England except Alnus glutinosa, a species that can grow to the size of small trees. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, wondering if this is yet another Ranunculus, this one perhaps not native? Leaves are definitely hairy; the leaf base is cordate. Found in the same floodplain area as the American gooseberry (North Providence, RI). Wondering also if the photo with the the two cordate leaves is the same plant as the first, but with with different leaves, as the species is, I believe, dimorphic? Thanks!
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, the species with three- to five-lobed basal leaves is a Ranunculus and is likely R. recuvatus (hooked crowfoot). The species with heart-shaped bases is not a crowfoot. I do not recognize the plant from the image (sorry). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi, I don’t have a question about plants, but ‘m doing a spreadsheet about the plants can be founded on here. And I’m wondering about the abbreviation which are not explained in the Conservation Status of the plant. For example: code C
    Answer
    Dear anniez, the designation of "C" simply means that the plant is of conservation concern globally or regionally (i.e., it is rare throughout the world or throughout New England, respectively). It was a way to alert people that they have found something that perhaps could be reported to their local Natural Heritage Program due to its rarity. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, I fear this might be eastern black currant (Ribes americanum). The habitat is right, stream floodplain -- it's growing in a swampy area at the end of a reservoir. On slightly higher ground, but a stone's throw from the ribes, is a stand of mature white pine. (The woods is mostly white pine, with some birch, beech, oak and cedar at slightly higher elevations.) If this is R. americanum, should the park staff be informed? Not sure what to do. Thanks. (North Providence, RI.)
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good afternoon. You have photographed a species of Ribes, but I do not know which species without seeing flowers/fruits in addition to the stems and leaves. Note that Ribes americanum does not have prickles along the stem (as you specimen does). I'm not certain why you mention that you fear this might be that species, as R. americanum is a native shrub that is uncommon in parts of New England. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I think these are ash seeds. Can species be determined? They were scattered widely on a windy day (November 8, 2022) and it was not obvious which trees they fell from.
    Answer
    Dear jfc, yes, they are fruits (a samara) of the genus Fraxinus (ash). They look like Fraxinus americana (white ash) to me, given the wing of the fruit extends only a short distance down the body of the achene. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi! I'm researching for a writing project. What are the approximate percentages of book/online learning, lab work, and field work? Thanks so much!
    Answer
    Dear sherriedennis, good morning. I'm not certain what you are asking. I don't know if you mean in the botanical profession, for health, or what I experience. If the latter, it varies tremendously with the time of year. During the growing season I'm out a fair amount, but winter is time in the office (reading and writing), in the museum (herbarium), and in the lab doing morphological research. Best wishes.
  • Question
    If I pull burning bush up by the roots, is that at all effective in elimenating it? I am trying to avoid pesticides.
    Answer
    Dear mistertippy, the answer is yes. It's a lot of work, but it is the non-toxic way to control this species. While there may be a seed bank that will let the plants return (through seeds in the soil sprouting), if you stay with it long enough, you will eliminate the plants (or seriously reduce their numbers). So long as you aren't dealing with a large area, this is the way to go. Keep in mind that the soil disturbance can foster various non-natives to colonize the sight, so best to place the soil back and cover with leaves and similar natural compost (helps prevent non-native seed germination in those locations). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, I submitted a query as to the identity of this plant, but I now believe it is rattlesnake-root, perhaps either Nabalus altissimus or N. trifoliatus. And what I thought looked like "spines" on the leaf margins are actually teeth. I gather what sets these two species apart are the # of flowers in the flower head and the # of involucral bracts. Is that correct? Does the plant I photographed have 2 sets of involucral bracts or are those long petal-like parts ray flowers?Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, that was my thought as well (you should receive my response shortly). The involucre (the series of bracts at the base of each flower head) are composed of two series, a shorter series and a longer series. Typically, this species has about 5 longer involucral bracts and about 5 ray flowers contained within each set of bracts. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Could you help me identify this plant, please? I think it's European buckthorn, but the sprout I have has alternating leaves, while the common invasive buckthorn has opposite. Am I way off or is it another buckthorn? Thank you!
    Answer
    Dear halfcake, good afternoon. Rhamnus cathartica (European buckthorn) has variable leaf arrangement. It frequently shows alternate and subopposite leaves on the same plant. It does not regularly produce opposite leaves throughout a plant. While I can't see all the details needed for a confident identification, the plant looks like European buckthorn. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, Would this be the vegetative form of jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum?) Found in moist woods in Lincoln. RI. Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, yes, you are correct. The plant in the photograph is a species of Arisaema. I can't tell you which of the three species in this complex it is, but most found in upland forests (and, for that matter, throughout New England) are Arisaema triphyllum. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, wondering who this might be. They were growing in a small pocket of mud on a rock along the edge of a rivulet channel in a preserve in Lincoln, RI. Leaves have short spines on the margins and winged petioles. Roots appear to be exposed and growing down the rock (in photo that includes dog's leg.) Would appreciate if you could point me in a direction. Thanks!
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, you likely have photographed Nabalus altissimus (tall rattlesnake-root). This species often displays simple leaves (as shown in your photographs). I can't see the capitula (flower heads) well enough to be certain of this identification, but it is a place to start your study. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I have a wetland in front of my house which consists mostly of Alnus incana (rugosa). Town wetland restrictions apply since across the street is a pond,so I don’t want to kill it but manage it. My question is can the alder be cut back, since it has become quite tall and many break in the winter, and will it regenerate by either sending up new shoots or regrow from the old trucks that have been cut? I have not been able to find any info on this anywhere and the head conservation in town is sure.
    Answer
    Dear susanohara, good morning to you. The stems of Alnus incana do not regenerate, once cut that shoot will die (if cut near the base). But, the plants can send up additional shoots from the rhizomes (i.e., underground stems). Cutting them individually is a non-toxic way to reduce the numbers of shoots.
  • Question
    Hello, This is a strange one but, is there a seed or plant that can stay dormant or not bloom in a New England-ish zone 4/5 for years until the right conditions are met. Maybe something that should have been planted further south and would need an unseasonable warm spring to germinate or sprout, for example. It would have to be hardy seed or plant, I assume. Many thanks!
    Answer
    Dear Russell, there are many plants that have seeds that are capable of remaining dormant for decades until the correct conditions occur. The Rosaceae has many examples, including pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica) and common blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis). I recall some of these seeds can remain dormant for a century until soil temperatures change (due to overstory removal by some event) and soil nitrogen increases. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I am looking to plant a Leyland Cypress in the backyard on a 12-foot incline above a sometimes wet area. I just noticed crawdad mounds on the incline. Would this indicate the area is too wet for Leyland Cypress?
    Answer
    Dear wayneatwood, good morning. Leyland cypress (Cuprocyparis X leylandii) is a tree that does best on well-drained soils. As I understand, crayfish mounds are built where they have access to mud (it can't be too wet, but it must be near a low area, wetland, or shoreline). You might want to move your planting location a bit to be sure the soil is not too wet. Hopefully this will only require a small adjustment. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Reupload with the picture managing to attach this time: "I believe this is tilia americana (American Linden Tree) and not one of the 3 or so close look-alikes. However, I want to make sure this is the native version before I start spreading seeds."
    Answer
    Dear GreenRamparts, good morning. This looks like a European species of linden, based on leaf blade length and outline. Our native species (Tilia americana) has much larger leaves that are frequently (and distinctly) asymmetrical at the base. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I believe this is porcelain berry. It climbs up my trees and smothers them. I have been cutting the vines but it seems an endless struggle. Is there a better way to get rid of this horrible pest?
    Answer
    Dear aperrin20, good afternoon. Yes, the plant appears to be Ampelopsis glandulosa (Amur peppervine). This species is difficult to control, but cutting the stems of this liana can go a long way toward limiting its spread. Good luck and best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, wondering if the small ovate leaves in the left foreground of this GoBotany image also belong to Ranunculus hispidus and are the juvenile form of the plant? Might this plant be found on land that once supported a limestone quarry? Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, Ranunculus hispidus (in the strict sense) is a really good find in New England. It is regionally rare, and it typically occurs on soils that are enriched by high pH bedrock. The simple leaves are a species of crowfoot (e.g., Ranunculus arbortivus). You should report this find (you can share details with me by emailing me at ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org if you wish and I can forward along details). Best wishes.
  • Question
    From your most recent response: "water loss of the apical organs". What exactly do you mean by this phrase? To my crude understanding, you seem to be suggesting that the leaf buds suck. Really? A fifty foot column of sap solution? That is one muscular leaf bud!
    Answer
    Dear porphyry5, it is likely time for you to either (1) research this topic on your own or (2) speak to a plant physiologist. There are different mechanism for sap rising in trees. For example, maples have a kind of "carbon dioxide pump", which you can easily find descriptions of online. However, I'm not certain you will be satisfied with the short answers being provided here. As to your last response, I did not write that suction pulls the water up the tree. Please read over the response carefully. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I believe this is tilia americana (American Linden Tree) and not one of the 3 or so close look-alikes. However, I want to make sure this is the native version before I start spreading seeds.
    Answer
    Dear GreenRamparts, there are no images associated with your question. Without them, I won't be able to assist you. If you are having difficulties uploading images, feel free to attach them to an email and send them to ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org and I will try to assist you.
  • Question
    Hello, wondering if you would know who this is simply by leaf shape and rosette pattern? It's growing along the edges of multiple trails in Neutaconkanut Hill in Providence, RI. I can't remember what plant was growing in such abundance in spring and summer. Hawkweed is what I remember. It's not garlic mustard, though that's present. Some kind of crowfoot? Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, it looks to be a species of Geum (avens). The larger terminal leaflet with smaller leaflets along the rachis is characteristic of this genus. Without flowers/fruits, it would be hard for me to suggest an identification with confidence. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Again, in reference to my original question, 'How does an 80 foot maple tree open its buds in the spring', you respond that it is done by capillary action and the partial vacuum created by evaporation at leaf pores. Capillary action is limited to a lift of 32 feet; partial vacuum only works when leaves are open. These are why I specified an 80 foot tree and how it could open its buds when there are no leaves to evaporate from. So I now ask: is there actually an answer to my original question?
    Answer
    Dear porphyry5, while capillary action is limited to 32 feet, there is also a lower pressure created by water loss of the apical organs. These both are important to drawing up the water (not just capillary action, which is not based on pressure, but rather adhesive and cohesive forces). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi, I spied this small tree/shrub growing next to a roadway that cuts through a wetlands area in Topsfield, MA. The photos were taken on October 3, 2022. It has little pink flower/fruits. I'd like to know what species, and whether or not it is native to the area.
    Answer
    Dear stephan, good morning. You have photographed a species of Euonymus (spindle-tree). It is likely you have observed E. europaeus (European spindle-tree), but I can't be certain without images of the seeds (and their associated aril). Best wishes.
  • Question
    My apologies. I recently asked how an 80 foot maple opens its leaf-buds in the spring, which was too general a question, but your answer '...sap flowing from the roots to the buds...' shows me the question I should have asked. How does the sap get from the roots to the buds, what makes it flow uphill?
    Answer
    Dear porphyry5, good morning. Water moves up through the vessel system via capillary action, which is discussed in many physics pages. The transpiration of water loss through the leaves/shoots/branches creates a low pressure that assists in moving water up from the roots to the crown of the tree. Best wishes.
  • Question
    How does a large deciduous tree, like an 80 foot big-leaf maple, open its buds in the spring?
    Answer
    Dear porphyry5, I'm not certain of your question's meaning. The winter buds of trees open based on hormonal cues and sap flowing from the roots to the buds (which initiates growth and expansion of the leaves and/or flowers contained within the winter buds). Temperature is an important cue the plants use to determine when winter dormancy will be broken. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, I'm following up with more info on the Osmorhiza ssp I photographed in Lincoln, RI. The styles do appear to be 2mm, but I'm not certain I didn't include some of the beak in that measurement: it's difficult to tell where the beak ends and the style begins. I went back today to have another look at the plants. The leaves, when crushed, do smell like fennel (anise), the stems are hairless or sparsely hairy, and the undersides of the leaves have stiff sparse hairs. Maybe O. longistylis? Thanx
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, the images with the ruler do seem to confirm this as Osmorhiza longistylis. Nice job with your identification. I enjoy this species very much, it is not as common in northern New England. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, This aster is growing from a crack in my back steps. Wondering who it is. I'm vacillating between Symphyotrichium racemosum, Symphyotrichum laterifolia, and S. ericoides, but of course. it's probably none of these. Asters are so difficult! Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, I can only narrow this one down for you. It looks to be either Symphotrichum lateriflorum or S. racemmosum. I would need a measurement of the height of the involucre (the bracts below the series of ray flowers) or a clear image of the disk flowers so I can see how large the disk corolla lobes are. I'm sorry I can't do more.
  • Question
    Hello, another aster (RE: help with aster IDs from Providence County, RI) Thanks. I believe this one may be Symphyotrichum undulatum (wavy-leaf aster
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good afternoon again. Yes, this looks like Symphyotrichum undulatum, a species with broad leaf blades at the base that become narrower upward, but with the broadly winged petioles and conspicuous clasping bases. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, another aster (re: help with aster IDs from Providence County, RI) Thanks!
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, based on the rays and leaf blades (note the clasping bases) you appear to have another variation of Symphyotrichum novi-belgii. This species is variable and the involucral bracts, while often largely green and foliaceous can be narrow, appressed, and green only at the apex. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, This aster was going in my mom's driveway in Somerset County, NJ. Would it be possible to get an ID with these limited images? I won't get back there until December, by which time the plant will be dormant. Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good afternoon. I'm sorry, the images are too blurry for me to really assist. I can only guess at something like Symphyotrichum racemosum, but that isn't a confident guess. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Good afternoon, I've been trying to ID a couple of asters for a while now, and have been staring at involcular bracts until my eyes are blurry, but am making no headway. Hoping you can point me in the right direction. Location is Providence County, RI. Thanks!
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good afternoon. I can't see the leaves and stem of this American-aster, but based on the involucral bracts, rays, and leaf bases (i.e., the things I can see) it suggests an identification of Symphyotrichum novi-belgii. This species typically has involucral bracts that are largely green and loose (i.e., outcurving). Best wishes.
  • Question
    I am 99% sure I found the only ever record of Solidago squarrosa in Plymouth County, MA (that I know of, someone might have found one before me). But how would I go about sending this info to someone here to update the map? I have already made an iNaturalist post for it a while ago: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/130711880
    Answer
    Dear rad, good afternoon. I looked at your Solidago observation on iNaturalist. I'm sorry but it is not Solidago squarrosa. That species is not uncommon here in ME (more northern and higher elevation), so I see it frequently. Without images of stem pubescence and leaf margins, I can't provide a confident identification. If you have more photographs of the plant, please post them. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Good evening, I found what I'm pretty sure is a sweet-cicely in a wet area of woods in Lincoln, RI today. I surmise it must be bland sweet-cicely, because neither O. berteroi nor O. depauperata occur in RI, and O. longistylis is rare. Does this look like it's Osmorhiza claytonii to you? Thanks for your assessment!
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good afternoon. In order to identify this plant, we need to measure the length of the styles at the apex of the fruits (i.e., they very thin, almost thread-like stalks that stand up off the body of the fruit). If those are 2 mm long or longer, they are Osmorhiza longistylis (shorter and they are O. claytonii). The bractlets are deciduous at this point, so they are not helpful in the identification. Let me know what you find out.
  • Question
    Hi! I live in zone 5a. I'm interested in phytoremediation. I have an old house that likely has lead paint and contaminants in the backyard soil. I've heard that sunflowers and other plants may help remove toxins and heavy metals in the soil. I'd like a list of some plants that may help with this purpose. P.S. I hope to pay for a soil test soon and in the meanwhile don't plan to use these beds for edibles - I have raised beds away from the house in the back!
    Answer
    Dear miniorchard, good afternoon. I am not a phytoremediation specialist, but you might enjoy some reading to get a background of why certain plants work for this trait and others don't" https://www.drdarrinlew.us/metal-contaminated/characteristics-of-plants-used-for-phytoremediation-of-heavy-metals.html. Here is a brief list of plants used for such purposes: https://healthguidenet.com/foods/plants-used-in-phytoremediation/. Keep in mind that once the plants remove the heavy metals from the soil, they are now the storehouses for these toxins (i.e., the metals aren't gone, the plants need to be harvested and removed to a safe location). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi i am from pakistan, i need help regarding phytosociology, plants communities in communities how many maximum variety of plants can adjust. My Super...... Say that in communities you can not arranged species variety greater then 3. If he is wrong then tell us and also give links, reference or citation. Thank you so much
    Answer
    Dear atta@58221, good afternoon. I'm sorry that I do not feel I can assist with your question. I'm not certain what you are referring to as "adjust" or what units you are using with the number 3. I would like to help, but apologize that I can't. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I am looking for information that specifies how dandelions are positively identified against their look alikes (hawksweed hawksbeard cats ear etc. ) including plants who are not in flower. A lot of the information is general and there are a few clues but I feel I want to know how I could look at a plant for specific indications that it is not one of the other species. Thanks!
    Answer
    monsoonkid, good morning. The information you are looking for is contained in a lot of different sources, including identification keys (which focus mostly on flowering individuals), look alike comparisons (which can be found on the Go Botany website), and in-person mentoring with someone familiar with these genera. I'm sorry it isn't easy to piece this all together. If you have specific questions, I can try to answer them here. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello Mr. Haines, thanks as always for your expertise. This is a solo tree, with huge, simple leaves among taller red oaks in Lexington, MA conservation land which I have been watching for a while. No flowers or fruits seen so far. Can you confirm this is Magnolia acuminata? No other individuals documented in the wild in Lexington (in iNaturalist).
    Answer
    Dear bkatzenberg, good afternoon. The plant in your images certainly looks like Magnolia acuminata. The leaf morphology and the pubescent winter buds support this. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I was out walking in a beautiful preserve today, the Hirundo refuge in Old Town. The Pushaw stream runs through it. I stopped by the water's edge ... and saw a plant I don't recognize growing right at the edge among some rocks. When I tried to grab a leaf to photograph it, the entire little plant came up in my hands. So I got a pic of the whole plant before reseating it back in its place. Can you help with ID please?
    Answer
    Dear Debbie, good afternoon. You may have Cicuta maculata (spotted water-hemlock), a small individual with unusual leaf morphology. When I look at the veins of the leaf segments, they are directed to the sinuses (not the tips of the teeth), suggesting it may be this plant. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, I am trying to determine the identity of this beggar's ticks. I can't decide beween B. frondosa and B vulgata, but am leaning toward the Devil's beggar's ticks because of the deep yellow-orange pigmentation at the apex of the corolla. Could that be it, or might it be something else? Thanks!
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good morning again! Yes, I agree that you have Bidens frondosa. The number of involucral bracts and corolla morphology (that you noted) all support this determination.
  • Question
    Would like identification of this fern growing on a boulder by a brook. Thanks!!!
    Answer
    Dear donwturner@hotmail.com, good morning. You have photographed a species of Polypodium (polypody). These are native ferns that typically occur as epipetric populations (i.e., growing on rock). There are two species found in New England, but I would need more images (and closer up images) to be able to assist you with exactly who you photographed.
  • Question
    Hello, I neglected to upload images to accompany my inquiry regarding the flax-leaved stiff-aster. Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, yes, this is Ionactis linariifolia. This is a common member of the aster aggregate in well-drained soils such as sand and rock outcrops. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, Found this aster with hyssop-like leaves. Is it likely that I've photographed Ionactis linariifolium, or somethng else? Neutaconkanut Hill Conservancy. Providence, RI. Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, there is no image associated with your question. Feel free to attach images and email them to me (ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org) so I can help you. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Could you please help me identify this plant I could in my yard in east Tennessee? It is a creeping plant that has small yellow blooms throughout summer. It doesn’t die back in winter, but the leaves turn red.
    Answer
    Dear dakota.728, good morning. I do not recognize the exact species you have photographed; however, it appears to be a yellow-loosestrife (genus Lysimachia) based on the rotate corollas (i.e., open, saucer-shaped flowers) and antepetalous stamens (i.e., stamens opposite the petals). Hopefully this will get you started on your study. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, Could this be white goldenrod (Solidago bicolor?) Or perhaps some kind of aster? Found on the trail in Neutaconkanut Hill Conservancy, Providence, RI Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, yes, this is Solidago bicolor, but it is a compact, slightly stunted version of this fall-flowering goldenrod. The white rays distinguish this species, along with the basally disposed leaves and long hairs on the stem.
  • Question
    What is the difference between repens and stolonifera? They seem to both refer to creeping plants.
    Answer
    Repens is a term that means repent, as in bent to the ground and trailing over it. Stolonifera, in the strict sense, would refer to the possession of horizontal, above ground stems that root at the nodes. A repent plant may not have specialized stolons, and an otherwise upright plant may have stolons. They are not exactly the same because one refers to a habit of the stem (repens) and one refers to a specialized structure (stolonifera). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi there, here are some supplemental photos of the plant you identified as likely Setaria pumila (yellow foxtail), from my yard in Somerville. I tried to get some close up shots, but wasn't sure which part you needed. One shot is of the inflorescence, under a microscope. The shot isn't great, but I thought seeing the "hooks" might help. The others are taken though a 10x jewelers lens with my iPhone. Do these help confirm the ID?
    Answer
    Dear samgechter, yes, that does help. It makes me more certain the plant is Setaria pumila. Thank you for getting close-up images for me to review. Best wishes.
  • Question
    On 18 Sept at Race Point (Wash.Co.Maine) I saw several Spiranthes in the wet grassy spot near a tiny pond. I think they are S.cernua (I used the key in your Flora NA) but they are bedraggled by age and recent rain. They don't have any green visible at top and iNat suggested S.arcisepala, but the lateral sepals don't droop below the labellum (except in the browned ones).Can you tell from this photo?
    Answer
    Dear Carol_in_Maine, good morning. There are no images associated with your question, without them I cannot assist you. If you are having trouble uploading images, feel free to attach them to an email and send them to ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org and I will try to assist.
  • Question
    Hello! There are several of what I'm fairly certain are bittersweet plants climbing the fence in my backyard, and I have been uncertain if they are Asian Bittersweet or American Bittersweet. Now that they've begun to fruit I'm unfortunately leaning towards Asian Bittersweet. My wife especially adores them and I want to make absolutely certain of the ID before I do anything with them.
    Answer
    Dear Ansia, good morning. Yes, as you were leaning, these are Celastrus orbiculatus (Oriental bittersweet), a non-native and invasive liana that is very difficult to control. I agree much with your wife that they are beautiful. Best wishes.
  • Question
    My daughter has a cucumber tree in her backyard in Boone, NC. Are the leaves/fruit harmful to dogs if ingested
    Answer
    Dear mishoener, good afternoon. I have not seen reports of toxicity of Magnolia tripetala. I can't answer if this plant would be harmful to dogs. It may not be anything too serious given the absence of reports of its harmfulness. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I have what I hope are better images for what I think is showy goldenrod, hoping for a certain ID. Taken 9/17/22 in meadowlike backyard, western Franklin County, Massachusetts. Thank you!
    Answer
    Dear HuntRoadRaven, the images you have posted are certainly consistent with Solidago speciosa (showy goldenrod). I do not have access to an image that shows the entire plant (i.e., the habit), which would be useful to confirm the identification. Without such an image, I can only state that your determination is likely correct. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Here's the second grass I'm trying to determine if native, from my yard in Somerville MA on Spring Hill. There seem to be two versions, one where the seed stems come off the grass in an even radial pattern, and another where they seem to come off to one side, and then the next group higher up comes off to the other side.
    Answer
    Dear samgechter, good afternoon. From what I can see, you have photographed a species of Agrostis (bentgrass). These require review of micromorphological characters, making it difficult for me to identify from an image. Based on one of the images, it appears I can see a tall ligule, suggesting Agrostis gigantea (redtop bentgrass) or A. capillaris (Rhode Island bentgrass). To give you a confident answer, I would need a specimen. I hope this is still helpful.
  • Question
    Hi there, trying to determine if these grasses in my yard in Somerville, on Spring Hill, are native or not. I'll do them in two groups. The first seems to be a type of bristle grass, but I'm not sure if it's Knotroot, Green Bristlegrass, or something else.
    Answer
    Dear samgechter, good morning. Given that I need to see micromorphological characters to make a confident determination, please understand that what I'm providing here is an educated guess. From what I can see, there appear to be an abundance of bristles in the inflorescence, suggesting that each spikelet is subtended by 4 or more bristles. This means the plant is likely Setaria pumila (yellow foxtail), a non-native species. All but one species in this genus is non-native within New England. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I'm struggling to definitively I.D. this small bladderwort - I can't decide between U. gibba, U. minor, or possibly U. geminscapa. It was growing at the boggy/peaty edge near a bunch of bulrushes on Lake Arrowhead, York county, Maine. Perhaps you can guide me as to what to look for, and how to tell them apart? Much appreciated. Debbie
    Answer
    Dear Debbie, it is hard to identify some groups of plants from images, including bladderworts, but let me take you through my thought process. You listed three possible species. It does not appear to be Utricularia minor because the leaf-like branches are not flattened (they are capillary and noticeably narrower than the main axis of the plant). It doe snot appear to be U. geminiscapa because the branches are divided too few times and there are not cleistogamous flowers (which are often, but not always present). Given the small size of the flowers and the branches being branches 1-3 time in the image, U. gibba looks like a good match (as best I can tell). Best wishes.
  • Question
    do you know of any good youtube video collage classes on Paleo-Botany?
    Answer
    Dear GCubebuddy, good morning. I'm sorry, I don't have something that I can offer from experience. Other than doing searches on that streaming app, I can't assist you. I hope you find the information you are looking for.
  • Question
    I recently saw an article on Cross Pollination between a Chinese Hops plant and a cannabis plant. apparently scientists are looking at its potential in manufacturing terpines and flavinoids as well as CDB. i was wondering if its possible to use this method to re-create the closest common ancestor of Hops and Cannabis, before it split back 60 million years ago, get a closer look at what that plant ancestor might have looked like?
    Answer
    Dear GCubebuddy, while it sounds like an interesting experiment, a modern-day hybrid between these two species would be very different (in all likelihood) from the ancestor of these species. Of course, it would be very difficult to predict the complete phytochemical makeup of the ancestor. But, more to the point, the ancestor wasn't likely intermediate between these two plants. Descendants are sometimes very derived (i.e., very different) from the ancestors due to selective pressures on one lineage. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, found this while planting lupines into a restoration site in Barrington, RI. Looking to confirm that I photographed forked bluecurls (Trichostema dichtomum). Site is dry and sandy. Lots of sweet fern, bayberry, and round-headed bush clover in the area. Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good morning to you. Yes, you have photographed Trichostema dichotomum. The prominently arched stamens are a good clue to this genus, along with the open inflorescence that is very unlike other mints. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Sorry didnt keep it or photo inside as I thought I could just find picture to match.. Anyway when I cut open the inside flesh was very firm and to me like an unripe pear in texture, there was a very small dark area at the center, couldnt make out anything like a seed though. I dont think there was any hole like i would see in an oak gall that hatched. I remeber seeing a second one nearby also on the ground, didn’t examine that one.
    Answer
    Dear P.Smith-80, good morning. That does sound like an oak gall. There would not be any hole until the larva exits. The dark center is something I note when I have examined these galls. Eventually, the flesh you describe becomes more like fibers radiating out from the center of the gall. Best wishes.
  • Question
    trying to identify this fruit on the griound; thought it must come from a tree, but not sure which.. there are shagbark hickories here, but I see them as green and not so round, ?Immature one? Shapleigh, Maine, mixed woods
    Answer
    Dear P.Smith-80, good afternoon. This looks more like a gall (possibly from an oak) than it does a fruit. Did you open it? If so, please provide an image of the opened structure so I can assist you. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Re: My previous question about the presumed borage-family wild plant, thank you kindly for you reply. Looks like you have a kissing-cousin of my CA resident plant in Maine: https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/heliotropium/curassavicum/ ]
    Answer
    Dear greenlore, yes, the plant you photographed looks much like our eastern (and non-native) species of Heliotropium. Unfortunately, because I am unfamiliar with the CA flora, I simply don't know if there are morphologically similar species that I would confuse with this genus. So, I erred on the side of caution. Best wishes to you.
  • Question
    You were correct about Agalinus. This picture was taken in Central New Hampshire. My apologies for not stating the location as well as my poor photography skills.Thanks!
    Answer
    Dear forgeorge, given the location, it is most likely Agalinis paupercula (small-flowered agalinis). I cannot know for certain without measurements of the corolla and style (the slender stalk off the summit of the ovary). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Would you please help me identify the little tree on the left? It showed up by itself in my yard. The other was in a mix of plants at the NPT plant swap two years ago, at the end of the sale.
    Answer
    Dear Splcgirl, hello! I can't identify the herbaceous plant without additional images. The image, while helpful for showing the overall habit, doesn't show the leaves or flowers in a way that I can see details. The little tree is a species of Juniperus. But, again, I can't see any details without additional images that show close up the leaves, etc. I'm sorry I can't help you from these photos.
  • Question
    Which species of segitaria?
    Answer
    Dear sojitra_rk, good afternoon. There is no image associated with your question. Without one, I cannot help you. If you are having trouble posting images, feel free to attach them to an email and send them to ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org and I will try to assist. I will need to know what part of the world the plant was found in. Location information is critical to identification.
  • Question
    Growing in wet soil at the bottom of a dried out pond in Massachusetts. Bidens?
    Answer
    Dear jfc, yes, you have photographed a species of Bidens. Without measurements of the rays, I can't tell you much more than this is likely Bidens cernua. This is a relatively common beggar-ticks that has conspicuous rays and leaves without well-defined petioles.
  • Question
    This grew in my dry cattle pasture along with brake ferns, hay scented ferns and northern lady ferns along with various goldenrods. It is only about 6 inches tall, the flowers are no more than 3/4 inch and the leaves are opposite and very narrow. Possibly a type of beardtongue or skullcap ?
    Answer
    Dear fogeorge, it appears to be a species of Agalinis (also known by the common name agalinis). These are hemiparasites in the Orobanchaceae. I don't know what part of the world this image was taken in, so I would not be able to assist you further than the genus.
  • Question
    What is this that's growing behind my house by the woods, is it poisonous?
    Answer
    Dear brown_eyes_5991, good afternoon. There is no image associated with your question. Without one, I cannot help you. If you are having trouble posting images, feel free to attach them to an email and send them to ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org and I will try to assist. I will need to know what part of the world the plant was found in. Location information is critical to identification.
  • Question
    Good Afternoon. I would appreciate some help in identifying a blue-green grass which looked to be ornamental. It appears to be consistent with the genus Leymus spp. The leaves are about 30-40 cm with a blue cast to them. The inflorescence consist of pairs of florets attached on opposites. Thank you in advance Califyank :)
    Answer
    Dear califyank, good afternoon. You have photographed a member of the genus Elymus (wild rye). It is most likely Elymus repens, though I can't tell you that with 100% confidence without seeing anthers (the similar and native Elymus trachycaulus has very short anthers compared with this species). Leymus would have more than one spikelet at each node of the inflorescence. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi there, Having trouble identifying this ground-hugging spreading wild plant with lovely clusters of tiny white & purple flowers (borage family?). 3 plants seen in a dry field in southern Marin County, CA. I have never seen this plant anywhere locally before.
    Answer
    Dear greenlore, good afternoon. I agree with you that this is a member of the Boraginaceae. However, you are a long way from my region of expertise. I cannot assist you with this specific question (sorry). This website is dedicated to wild plants of New England. I'm always happy to look, but many from your region will be unknown to me. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Is this Chinese Bushclover? NE Georgia, USA
    Answer
    Dear sgbrochester, good afternoon. There are no images associated with your question. Without them, I cannot help you. Feel free to attach the images and send them to ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org if you cannot upload them here. I am not familiar with the flora of GA, but will try to assist you.
  • Question
    Wondering about this tree growing in former farm field on the edge of a wetland. Stands roughly 30-40 feet tall out of a hedge, so I can't get any photos except of the lower bark. (The different textures of the bark are what are confusing me, as seen in second photo)
    Answer
    Dear AndyT, good afternoon. I can't identify the tree with confidence. The bark suggests Prunus serotina (black cherry), but I would need to see more of the tree to know. Perhaps you could get some leaves that fall this season so I could see the outline of the blades. Best wishes.
  • Question
    There's a black fungus growing on a Stropharia rugosoannulata (wine cap) mushroom bed (on hardwood woodchips and rye straw) in a friend's yard in western Mass in a rural area next to a farm and at the edge of a woods. Could you please help us figure out what it is? One photo is the fungus on a piece of straw and the other is a 4'x6' bed with the black fungus all around the edges. Is it ok just to toss it all in the nearby woods or could it harm trees and other plants if we do that? Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear GP321, good evening. I'm sorry I cannot help you with your question. Go Botany is a website dedicated to plants (not fungi). While I do recognize some fungi in our area, I do not know the identity of the one you ask here. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I think I might have Agalinis purpurea growing on a floating stump in our cove on Lake Arrowhead in southern Maine, Limerick (York county). Can you confirm? Or point me in the right direction, please? Thank you, Debbie.
    Answer
    Dear Debbie, you more likely have Agalinis paupercula (small-flowered agalinis) given that you are in ME. Againlis purpurea is known only from one site (extant) and another historical location, both in salt marshes. I would need careful measurements of flowers and flower parts to tell you with certainty. Best wishes.
  • Question
    New to Plant Share. These photos taken last May at my rental property in Manchester NH is of a fern would like to have IDed. I think iNaturalist misidentified as a Lady Fern. Been disconnected from iNaturalist, phone issue deleting app, and am not certain if that ID. I think in the second photo, the fern in foreground is a Sensitive Fern. A lot of that and others on the 4+ acres property. Hoping and assuming both are native to this area. Sorry for changed orientation photos.
    Answer
    Dear lmcos121@msn.com, the fern in the foreground is Onoclea sensibilis (as you noted). In the background, it is Osmunda spectabilis (American royal fern). This species is distinct from Old World representatives of this group. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Viburnum acerifolium growing along the Red Hill Rd. Moultonboro NH in light shade on a fairly moist bank.
    Answer
    Beautiful images arabella. Thank you for sharing them with us. The fall colors of the leaves of this species go through some wonderful pastels. It won't be long before they start showing these colors.
  • Question
    THank you Arthur for the id of the Utricularia radiata seen in the small lake called Beaver Pond adjacent to the Beaver Pond Rd. in Tamworth NH
    Answer
    Arabella, you are most welcome.
  • Question
    I have found what I think is wild bean. I am in north central Massachusetts. The plant is on my property and is along the shoreline of a lake. Is it found this far north?
    Answer
    Dear Kathi6565, good afternoon. You have found something very special. This is Apios americana (groundnut). In the northern part of its range, this species is almost exclusively sterile (because these populations are triploid with three sets of chromosomes). In the south, they are mainly fertile and diploid. You have photographed a fertile diploid in the north (quite rare). Wonderful discovery.
  • Question
    Hello, I saw your response to CarolBEE on Aug 30 regarding an Epilobium and am wondering if I might have the same species. I've been trying to grow narrow-leaved fireweed (Chamerion angustifolia) for a bumblebee project, and this plant with the white flowers showed up in one of the pots. I have a hard time tossing any plant that beat the odds and germinated (unless its invasive), so this guy will join my strays, but I'd like to know who it is if possible. Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, yes, it is most likely that you have Epilobium ciliatum (fringed willow-herb) in these photographs. This is a common species of the genus within New England and it grows in both pristine and human-disturbed habitats. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello! I'm hoping to get your thoughts on the identification of a fern found growing in a swamp (central MA) dominated by Ilex verticillata or laevigata. Initially, I thought that it might be Osmunda regalis. However, the shape of the fronds and the venation did not quite fit this species. Physically, it seems to resemble Cystopteris, but the habitat doesn't seem to fit that ID perfectly. No bulbils or glandular hairs noted on Rachise. Perhaps C. fragilis? Thanks as always! -Sam
    Answer
    Dear sgilvarg, good morning. As best I can tell, this fern is Osmunda regalis. The twice pinnately compound leaves with stalked leafules seems to fit well for this species. The ecology is also correct (O. regalis is a wetland plant). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Is this common purslane? Is it good for pollinators? Love your website- I want to plant more wildflowers for pollinators. Thank you!
    Answer
    Dear anno, success! The picture uploaded this time with your question. Yes, this is Portulaca oleracea (common purselane). This species is visited by insects who assist with pollination, though the species is also capable of self-pollination. Best wishes.
  • Question
    There are a few of these small, multi-stem trees in Lexington conservation land which I have been watching for over a year. I think it is Euonymous atropurpureus however some of the images I have seen for that species have purple flowers and fruits and this does not--maybe the fruit will change color later in the season? Three of the photos are from August 31, the photo of the flowers is from early June.
    Answer
    Dear bkatzenberg, good morning. You likely have photographed Euonymus europaeus (European spindle-tree), a species with green-white petals. The fruits are not yet ripe. If these plants are this species, they will change to red or pink as they mature. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Is this common purslane and is it a good thing for pollinators? Found on lawn 8/31, Greater Boston
    Answer
    Dear anno, good morning. There are no images associated with your question. Without them, I won't be able to help. If it works easier for you, attach the images to an email and send them to ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org and I will try to help you. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I'm trying this upload again seeing as my last attempt was empty (gasp!). I think I have lesser St. John's wort in my moss/lawn, and wanted to check with you. Thanks, Debbie.
    Answer
    Debbie, yes, one of the questions you posted successfully loaded the image so that I could see it. I agree with your identification. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, In the absence of flowers, is it possible to tell who's living along the edge of the brook---Caltha palustris or Ficaria verna? Found in Lincoln Ri. Thanks
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, most of the leaves you have photographed belong to a species of Ranunculus (crowfoot) with dimorphic leaves (e.g., Ranunculus abortivus complex). These are native plants. The first image you posted in the series with almost perfectly circular leaves I do not recognize from that image. If it is Caltha palustris it is not typical. The leaf color, venation, and margin are all suggesting another identification. But, to one of your questions--none of the images are a species of Ficaria. Best wishes.
  • Question
    This small plant is growing in my very moist moss area. We live on the shores of Lake Arrowhead in Limerick, Maine. I would be very grateful to get the ID verified or point me in the right direction, Thank you Debbie
    Answer
    Dear Debbie, good afternoon. You have photographed a species of Hypericum (St. John's-wort). Based on the leaves and the flower, it is most likely Hypericum canadense (lesser Canada St. John's-wort), a common, native species. Best wishes.
  • Question
    This small plant is growing in my very moist moss area. We live on the shores of Lake Arrowhead in Limerick, Maine. I would be very gratefull to get the ID verified or point me in the right direction, Thank you Debbie
    Answer
    Dear Debbie, there are no images associated with your question. Without them, I cannot assist you. If you are having trouble uploading images, feel free to send them to me via email at ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org and I will try to assist you.
  • Question
    This plant is in a milkweed patch and I thought it was a milkweed because of its leaves. It is about five feet tall and there is a shorter version elsewhere in the garden. It has tiny white flowers that no insect seems interested in so possibly not native? It got bushy as it got taller. East slopes of the Berkshires, relatively sunny location. There is a purple monkshood in background
    Answer
    Dear CarolBEE, you have photographed a species of Epilobium (willow-herb). It is most likely Epilobium ciliatum subsp. ciliatum (fringed willow-herb), which is a native member of the evening-primrose family. These are beautiful flowers, despite their small size.
  • Question
    Hello, I'm following up my inquiry about common dodder (Cuscuta gronovii) with photos of the (now) open flower. The flowers are so small, it was hard to get a good angle. Fingers crossed there's enough visual info to confirm an ID! Thanks!
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good afternoon. You have photographed Cuscuta gronovii, a common species of dodder with 5 petals that are blunt at the apex. This is the most common species of Cuscuta in the northeastern US. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi there! We have a houseplant at work that is so weird! We are all trying to figure out what it is and how to save it. The leaves are all yellow and some of them are squishy at the base. I pulled it out of the pot to see if it has root rot and it doesn’t appear that it does. The plastic tag in the pot only says “tropical plant.” I’ve attached a photo. Small leaves grow out of the tip of the “fingers, but you may not be able to see them clearly. What is this and what’s wrong with it? Thx
    Answer
    Dear Dkip, good afternoon. I have seen this kind of houseplant before, though I don't know the name of the species. Go Botany is a website dedicated to wild plants of New England. My expertise drops considerably when the discussion turns to cultivated plants. I'm sorry I can't help.
  • Question
    My hydrangeas in northwestern suburb of Illinois failed to produce flowers this season due to these weird changes in the buds. I also see these changes in my other plants. Are you able to tell me what’s going on with these plants?
    Answer
    Dear fdm59, good evening. I'm unable to help you with your question. It does look like some type of infection or possibly an insect invasion that has caused stunted leaves and abortive flowers. I am not a plant pathologist so I cannot determine who this is with confidence. Sorry I cannot help.
  • Question
    Hi! I had trouble finding this guy through the key. I found it growing in a coastal woodland habitat. Thanks for all your help despite my living outside New England. (LI, NY)
    Answer
    Dear NativesEnthusiast, good evening. You have photographed Teesdalia nudicaulis (common shepherd's-cress). This is a small mustard with dimorphic petals (the outer two are larger than the inner two) and a rosette of lobed leaves. It is found uncommonly in southern New England.
  • Question
    Can you tell me what I found growing in a pollinator garden? Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear NativesEnthusiast, good afternoon. You have photographed a species of Pycanthemum (mountain-mint) in the Lamiaceae. Unfortunately, the angle it is shot from makes it hard for me to tell you which species this is (I need a side view to observe the inflorescence). It looks closest to Pycnanthemum muticum (clustered mountain-mint), a species with broad, toothed leaf blades.
  • Question
    Can you tell me what species this is? I found it growing in a large pollinator-friendly garden that stretches around the perimeter of a park. I'm assuming it's native to New England because I've only observed native species in the garden so far. Thanks for all your help.
    Answer
    Dear NativesEnthusiast, you appear to have photographed Echinacea purpurea (eastern purple coneflower). This species is identified by the leaf blade shape and presence of teeth on the margins of the leaf blades. It is frequently planted and sometimes naturalizes in New England.
  • Question
    I think this may be something in the genus Prunus, based on the paired glands on the leaf petiole. There is a large clump at the top of the berm at Hellcat on Plum Island. None of the plants are over 3' high, but that likely is because the area is cut down periodically. I don't see any flowers or fruit, but that may be due to the plants being sexually mature. The plant is host to the Ugly Nest Caterpillar Moth, as one photo shows. Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear chaffeemonell, good afternoon. The plant certainly does look like a species of Prunus and, based on the leaf color and shape it suggests an open-grown, sprouting, Prunus virginiana (choke cherry). I cannot be certain without a specimen in hand, but this is what the photographs suggest for a determination. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hartford, Maine. Jimsonweed is what it said online. It was growing along the edge of my driveway. Didn't see anymore.
    Answer
    Dear tamaramcneil, good afternoon. You have collected a species of Datura (thorn-apple, sometimes also called jimsonweed). There are three species that have been collected in ME. I would need additional images and a measurement of the length of the flower to tell you which species you have photographed. Best wishes.
  • Question
    These plants are growing on a stretch of property that has an unused leach field under it and the area grew in with all sorts of stuff. It's partly sunny. The plants are tall, some about six feet, some less, with a big white-ish flower. This is in western Mass on the eastern slopes of the Berkshires.
    Answer
    Dear CarolBEE, good afternoon. You have photographed a species of Eutrochium (Joe-pye weed). I can't tell you who it is, but based on the size of the flowers heads and the shape of the flower head arrays, it looks like a species other than E. maculatum.
  • Question
    This is a resubmit with photos! These plants started growing this spring in a dry spot in my garden under some milkweed. I have never seen them before. I saw some in a few other spots. Maybe they were in some compost I bought from a farm. I pulled some out but was curious and waited for flowers, but there have not been any. They are about four inches tall, so slow growers. Eastern slopes of the Berkshires in western MA.
    Answer
    Dear CarolBEE, I do not know for certain who these are, but they remind me of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) seedlings. You could confirm by scratching the stem and smelling for a wintergreen odor. If they are not yellow birch seedlings, email me at ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org so we can continue to problem solve your question.
  • Question
    Hello, Photographed this back in July when I was looking for Virginia marsh-St John's-wort, marked it for some kind of dodder, and put the photo aside. Now wondering if this is common dodder (Cuscuta gronovii), and why if it's regarded as a native invasive species, it's so rare in RI (as to warrant an "S1" ranking.) Why wouldn't it be more abundant? Or is it? Probably a good thing it's not though. Thanks!
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, the images are of a species of Cuscuta in which the flowers are in bud. Unfortunately, I would need open flowers to be able to identify this plant. If you have later images so I can view the open flowers to get accurate counts of perianth and their shape/relative length, I should be able to assist you.
  • Question
    Hello, Wondering if you recognize this interloper who's been showing up in my pots. Native? Non-native? Invasive? Aspen? Birch? I propagate native perennials to donate to the native plant sale and am trying to decide whether this guy merits limited pot real estate. Much thanks!
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good afternoon. You certainly have a Populus (poplar) seedling, but I can't identify the species with confidence without material in hand. I'm sorry I can't give you an answer from the images provided.
  • Question
    I have not seen this plant before. It showed up this spring at the base of some milkweed plants in my garden. It is a dry area. I use compost I buy at a farm so maybe that was the source. I have been waiting for them to flower, but nothing yet. I live in western Massachusetts, eastern slope of the Berkshires. They did not grow very tall (about 4 inches) at this point.
    Answer
    Dear CarolBEE, good afternoon. There are no images associated with your question. Without them, I cannot assist you. If you need to, attach the images to an email and send them to ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org and I will try to assist.
  • Question
    I have this plant growing in my garden. I have tried different sites and I am stumped! Your help would be appreciated! Thank you in advance! This garden is in mid Maine. Near the woods. Maine Mimi
    Answer
    Dear MaineMimi, good afternoon. I'm sorry I cannot assist you with your question. The plant could be a species in the Crassulaceae (stonecrop family) with flat, toothed leaves (like the genera Phedimus, etc.). I have not seen it before. Good luck figuring out who this is.
  • Question
    This is growing in a sunny spot near my house in Massachusetts. There is a cluster of flowers developing at the top of the stem, only one of them open, 1 cm wide. Leaves are alternate, about 12 cm, without teeth or lobes. Height approaches 1 meter. The original stem was bitten off by deer. It survived future attack because mountain mint grew around it.
    Answer
    Dear jfc, good morning again. You appear to have photographed Lactuca canadensis (tall lettuce). This species is very variable with regard to its leaf blade outline. Some are entire, others are lobed with long segments. If you bruise a leaf you will see a tan latex (look closely, it will not be bright white like other members of the genus). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Growing in wet ground next to a stream in the woods in Lincoln, Massachusetts. A computer program suggests Ribes. If it is, I can't go further because the key wants flowers or fruits.
    Answer
    Dear jfc, it is definitely a species of Ribes (currant, gooseberry). However, I can't tell you who it is from the images. I would need flowers/fruits or a specimen in hand to examine. Hopefully knowing the genus will be useful to you. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, Wondering if this could be Spiraea alba? Found along the edge of a defunct road in a meadow area in Neutaconkanut Hill Conservancy. That area doesn't seem particularly moist, however. So perhaps it's something else? Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good morning to you. Spiraea alba is not an obligate wetland plant and can be found in mesic (moist) settings, such as fields and edges of clearings. While it is most often associated with wetlands and shorelines, it isn't found in those settings all the time. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, I believe this is a Ranunculus, but am not sure who it is. Possibly hooked crowfoot? The leaves are lobed, but not compound; stem is somewhat hairy. Found in Moshassuck Nature Preserve in Lincoln, RI. There are 2 specimens here; the one with leaves in the background was growing along a (wet) upland trail (lots of jacks in the area); the one with moss was found along the brook. Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good morning. Yes, these plants look like Ranunculus recurvatus (hooked crowfoot). This native species is often found along stream shores and damp, mossy locations (along with rich, upland forests).
  • Question
    Hello, I hope it's OK to ask more than one question a day. Could this possibly be narrow-leaved fireweed? Sorry for the poor photos; I have an inpatient dog with me most times... It's growing in the middle of a path toward the entrance of the park, so it's probably been stepped on repeatedly, stunting growth, maybe? Leaves have teeth. Thanks for any suggestions you may have. (Moshassuck Nature Preserve, Lincoln, RI)
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good morning. It does not look like narrow-leaved fireweed to me. While I'm not certain who you have photographed, it looks most like a species of American-aster with narrow leaf blades. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Alliance, ohio
    Answer
    Dear marla, good morning. I'm sorry I cannot help you. You are some distance outside of my region of expertise. However, if I had more images, such as side-view of the flower and images of the leaves and stem, I might still be able to help. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi there. I found a plant on the edge of my driveway that seems to be either Russian olive or autumn olive. I am in Rockport, ME - Knox county. The known distribution of either doesn't cover my county in Maine. Thanks for your help.
    Answer
    Dear kcoluzzi, you have photographed Elaeagnus umbellata (autumn-olive). This species is found throughout much of Maine at this point--thank you for sending in an observation. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi! I just moved to Northwestern Connecticut, Litchfield county, and there’s a mess of this in the front garden. Curious what it is. Thanks in advance!
    Answer
    Dear bluenova, good morning. I would love to help you but the images are not in focus, so I can't see clearly the plant you are requesting information about. It may be a species in the Amaranthaceae (such as goosefoot), but I simply can't see the plants well enough. If you can take in-focus images I should be able to help. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, Found this on the margin of land between the trail and a brook in Lincoln, RI. Looks remarkably like a plant we drove 40 miles to the Ben Utter Trail in Exeter, RI to see earlier this spring. Is this Indian cucumber-root (Medeola virginiana)? Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good morning. Yes, you have photographed Indian cucumber-root (Medeola virginiana), a native member of the Lily Family. The reproductive plants will produce a second tier of reduced leaves that are associated with the flowers/fruits.
  • Question
    Hi, First, thank you so much for your time in helping to identify previous requests for me! It is so appreciated! I am excited for your opinion on this plant. I’ve never seen anything like it. This was found in a wooded area of our land about 60 feet above a large pond in Plymouth MA. Looking forward to learning your opinion! Thank you!!
    Answer
    Dear Shannon, you have photographed Monotropa uniflora (one-flowered ghost-pipe). This is a non-photosynthetic member of the heath family. The flower nods but it will turn upright as it goes to fruit. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, Is this a vine of some sort? Found in Moshassuck River Preserve. Lincoln, RI. Thanks
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good morning. Yes, you have photographed a vine in the legume family. It may be Amphicarpaea bracteata (hog-peanut). You can confirm this by carefully unearthing one of the plants and seeking the one-seeded cleistogamous fruits that will be underground and appearing as tiny little tubers. Best wishes.
  • Question
    MY weed is everywhere in my lawn and is difficult to identify. Can you help Thanks
    Answer
    Dear barnardsa, there are no images associated with your question, without them I won't be able to assist you. If you are having trouble uploading images, attach them to an email and send them to ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org and I will try to assist you.
  • Question
    Can you help me identify
    Answer
    Dear barnardsa, you appear to have photographed a native species of Hypericum (St. John's-wort), in the Hypericaceae. However, the image isn't taken close enough for me to see any of the necessary details for identification. Sorry I can't be more specific. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, Could this be allegheny monkey-flower? I couldn't get a good shot of the inflorescence because of the sun. They are growing on a moist area of a cart road in Moshassuck Nature Preserve in Lincoln, RI. Cohabitants are royal fern, jack-in-the-pulpit, wild geranium, a gray-green sedge, and a tall-ish, lacy grass. (Any suggestions as to who the grass might be?) Thanks for all your kind help!
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good morning. You do appear to have photographed Mimulus ringens (Allegheny monkey-flower). This is a relatively common wetland species. The grass appears to be a species of Glyceria (manna grass). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, I realize I have become a frequent visitor to your wonderful service. I am, however, coming up on my final project for Biology II in just a few weeks. I would love to have your assessment of this plant. It is growing in long sections, adjacent to the beach at Nelson’s Beach in Plymouth, MA. The app SEEK identified it as Siberian Lyme Grass Leymus racemosus, yet others think it may be American Dune Grass Leymus mollis. Here is original https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/124239410
    Answer
    Dear srferrando+, good morning to you. I can't see the flowers of the grasses clearly enough to tell you which species you have. In one of your images, you appear to have Calamagrostis breviligulata (synonym: Ammophila breviligulata), and in others you may have a species of Leymus. Without clear images of the inflorescences, I can't help you any further. Sorry.
  • Question
    Hello, I had the Hypericum majus question. I've tried to get better photos, but this little guy is small, perhaps slightly over 40 mm high, the largest leaf is approx 5 mm long. It's hard to tell, but there seems to be a central, prominent vein running the length of the leaf. I'm propagating this species from Prairie Moon seed for a plant group, and was hoping to see what it looked like in a natural setting. I thought this little guy had a passing resemblance--wishful thinking on my part. Thx
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good morning. The plants you have photographed are consistent with Hypericum mutilum. I can't see the capsules clearly enough to be confident, but they do appear to have the correct shape. The leaf blades fit well for this species. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Curious about this bush. Do not think the berries are efible. Saskatchewan Canada
    Answer
    Dear stuarta, from what I can tell, you have a species of Lonicera (honeysuckle). I can't tell you with confidence which species, but it may be Lonicera tatarica (Tatarian honeysuckle) or a hybrid with that species. The paired fruits are diagnostic for this particular group of honeysuckles. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Good morning, I asked the Hypericum majus question. I don't think it's H.majus, but more likely H. boreale or H. mutilum, probably H.mutilum? The bracts appear tiny, and don't look like leaves, which is, I understand, a distinguishing characteristic. Am I on the right track? Thnx.
    Answer
    Without capsule/ovary shape, it will be difficult to determine which species you have. Assuming you have a capsule that is abruptly tapered (somewhat rounded) at the apex, then Hypericum mutilum would make sense based on the bracts you are observing. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I live in a gated CCRC east across the Rivana from Charlottesville, VA I believe must be a Spiranthes species but the leaves are large and the flowers small, simple, and sparse on the stem for this genus. The VA_PlantAtlas suggests these 4 species in Albemarle Co, Spiranthes cernua, Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis, Spiranthes tuberosa, and Spiranthes vernalis. Thanks, baumgrenze
    Answer
    Dear baumgrenze, you have photographed Persicaria virginiana (jumpseed), a native smartweed in the knotweed family. This is a forest species with small, white, remote flowers that will be tipped by a two styles that curve backward (which allows the fruit to attach to people and animals). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi, I believe I found a species of Platanthera orchid. The location was a sphagnum black gum swamp in Putney, VT. There was one mature leaf about 1/2 way up the stem. I am uploading some not so good photos. Do you have any insight as to which species of Plantanthera this is or perhaps another genus of Orchid entirely? Thanks, Rich Grumbine
    Answer
    Dear rbrumbine, good morning. You appear to have found Platanthera clavellata (little club-spur bog-orchid). This is a common species that has three small teeth at the apex of the labellum. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello! I am currently working on a school project that requires the identification of some plants and specimens. I am having trouble identifiying Figure A (type of moss & scientific name), and Figure D (type of tree) more than anything. I was not given information on the location of these specimens, but I am presuming the general area as within the Pacfiic Northwest. Thank you for any help!
    Answer
    Dear Jadeyxbug, good evening. I'm sorry I can't assist you. The Pacific Northwest is a long way from my region of expertise. Go Botany is a website dedicated to northeastern North America. While we do share some plants in common, lots are very different. I hope you find the answers you need.
  • Question
    What plant is this? I thought it was ragweed , but am not sure.
    Answer
    Dear joe, good evening. The plant you have photographed looks like Lactuca canadensis (tall lettuce), a native species of lettuce that typically produces yellow flowers. You can confirm the identification by tearing a leaf. An off-white (almost tan) latex should exude from the wound if it is this species.
  • Question
    Hello! I was botanizing on the edge of a road, which divides a mesic woodland from a meadow. I came across a Potentilla species, but I was not able to tell if it was P. intermedia or P. inclinata. Judging by the location, I was leaning towards intermedia, but the calyx does seem somewhat lanceolate to me. I was wondering if you could help shed some light on this ID! I hope the pictures are of high enough quality. Thanks!
    Answer
    sgilvarg, good evening. I can't be certain from the images provided, even though you've done a good job trying to capture important details of this plant. The epicalyx segments look closer to Potentilla intermedia, as does the petal size. It is more common in New England that P. inclinata. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, Looking to confirm that I have photographed naked tick-trefoil (Hylodesmum nudiflorum). Flowers are on a leafless stem which appears separate from the "main" plant. Seed pods are also present and (although blurry here) look consistent with those in the GoBotany photos. Found along a trail in Lincoln Woods, Lincoln, RI. Thanx.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, yes, the images look consistent with Hylodesmum nudiflorum. Nice find. While not rare, this is an uncommon species. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello! I discovered these tall purple stalks growing in an area around my house. They were not purposefully planted, and currently seem localized around an oak tree. There are currently no flowers present. I live in woodland in the most southwestern parts of NH and have very sandy, acidic soil not much but the native plants tend to like so it's odd to see something new (and huge) like this. This is the tallest plant, close to 9' tall as of the picture being taken.
    Answer
    Dear speranza, good evening. As best I can tell from the image, you have photographed Lactuca biennis (tall blue lettuce), a native species of lettuce that can grow over four meters in height. It should produce a white latex when a leaf is torn. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, I transpl this years ago from somewhere in MA, but am not positive where. It bloomed today, is 6'6" now meas along the stem and about that every year. I don't let it get too dry. It is hollow-stemmed. I see that Eutrochium fistulosum can be that tall, but I don't see a pale cast to the stem, just a pale fuzziness in the framework of the flowers (sorry, lack terminology). It's not really purple, a little pale violet toward top. Leaf whorls all 5. Spotted-stem pic is 1 foot off ground.
    Answer
    Dear corylus, identification of Eutrochium can be really difficult, and from images it is sometimes easy and other times almost impossible. The flower heads look to have too few flowers for E. maculatum, suggesting this would be E. dubium or E. fistulosum. That is the best I can do with the images supplied. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Can you help with the identification of a vine? I found it growing at a forest edge in Farmingdale, NY (my apologies if the plant is not found in the northeast).
    Answer
    Dear Zac, the plant you have photographed reminds me of Cichorium intybus (chicory), a common field and roadside weed in the northeastern United States. You should be able to find open, blue flower heads to support this identification.
  • Question
    Hello again. Based on this limited sample, can you tell me what tree I found in Farmingdale, NY. Thank you.
    Answer
    Dear Zac, the image you've sent reminds me of an unlobed leaf of Morus (mulberry). If it is a tree, you should be able to find some lobed leaves on it to confirm the identification. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Can you also help with identifying this plant? (Please excuse the insect). Thanks, Zac.
    Answer
    Dear Zac, good afternoon. You've photographed a species of Circaea (enchanter's-nightshade), a native member of the Onagraceae. I can't tell you which of the two species is present because I can't see necessary details in the photographs. If you have more images from further back (i.e., a habit shot), I would be able to assist further. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi, My biology final is due this Sunday and I’m in need of an identification of this plant if possible. Thank you once again for the fabulous help and explanations given! Such a help! Shannon
    Answer
    Dear Shannon, good morning again. I can't tell which species this is with confidence because there aren't close enough images to see details of the leaves. It may be a species of evening-primrose (genus Oenothera). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi, Would you have an identification for this plant? Again, thank you for your time and expertise? Shannon
    Answer
    Dear Shannon, you have photographed a species of Typha (cattail). It is difficult to tell you with certainty which species you have (broad-leaved or the hybrid glaucous cattail) without having a specimen in hand. Hopefully knowing the genus will be useful to you. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi, it’s me again! So glad you are there! Are you able to identify this plant? I was amazed at the random few branches that were Scarlett red!
    Answer
    Dear srferrando+, good morning. None of the images are close enough or clear enough for me to determine who this plant is. If you are able to get closer images that are in focus, I will try to assist. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Once again, in need of help. Are you able to identify this plant? If not, would it help to take any additional pictures if I return to this site? Thank you!
    Answer
    Dear srferrando+, the plant you photographed is a species of Oenothera (evening-primrose), a native member of the Onagraceae. I can't tell you for certain who the image is, but it is likely Oenothera biennis, the common species in New England.
  • Question
    in my years (planted pack of wild flower seeds a few yrs ago. i have what looks like snapdragon, my plant id program says it is linaria angustissima and research said it arrive here in the 1600s from europe. Because it is here so long is it considered native? Also i have planted mammoth sunflower seeds (name/origin unknow). research says they were native american then altered in Russia and sent back. Are any of the mammoth sunflowers native; they are my trademark in my garden. thank you
    Answer
    Linaria angustifolia is native to the Old World. Its original arrival to the United States (as a species) and its arrival in a particular location (such as your garden) are different introductions. Those species that have arrived since European colonization of this continent are still considered non-native. The extremely large sunflowers (Helianthus annuus and relatives) are not native to New England, but is native to western North America. They tend not to cause issues as an invasive. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, Wondering who this lovely, diminutive fern with the dark midrib might be. Growing at the base of a rock in company with some kind of Galium (?). Maidenhair fern? Moshassuck River Preserve, Lincoln, RI. Thanks!
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, you have photographed Asplenium platyneuron (ebony spleenwort), a relatively uncommon fern, often of soils overlaying slightly (to prominently) enriched bedorck (i.e., higher pH soils). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, Is this Triadenum virginicum — Virginia marsh-St. John's-wort? Found at a reservoir edge in North Providence, RI growing with coastal sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia) and maybe purple loosestrife(?). Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, yes, it does look like Hypericum virginicum. Note that the genus Triadenum has been found to be nested within Hypericum (and subsumed under that genus). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Wondering if this is Hypericum majus? It was growing in the same little inlet as the Virginia-marsh St John's-wort. (North Providence, RI) Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, it is possible that you have photographed Hypericum majus. However, I would need additional images to confirm this for you. I need pictures of the side-view of the flower (to see the sepal shape). Fruits are ideal for distinguishing this species was lookalikes. And a close-up of leaf to see venation, etc. If you can return and get more images I may be able to assist.
  • Question
    Hello, looking for confirmation on this ID. Showy tick-trefoil? Found on a sunny trail in Moshassuck River Preserve. Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, while I can't tell you with certainly from the image provided (in part because I would need measurements of the corolla and stipules), the plants in the pictures is consistent with Desmodium canadense (showy tick-trefoil), and this is one of the most common species in the region. Best wishes.
  • Question
    This plant was found in Hanover, NH near an ephemeral wet area. Using the Simple Key, I'm guessing it is a north wind bog-orchid, but it doesn't quite match some of the photos. Is there another option that I'm missing? Thanks for the help!
    Answer
    Dear kasmus.nh, good afternoon. I can't see the pollinia well enough to be certain, but it looks very much like Platanthera aquilonis (north wind bog-orchid). The plants will vary in the density of the flowers, making it look really different sometimes. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Central ME
    Answer
    Dear Shmrd, good afternoon. I'm sorry, there just isn't enough information for me to make a determination. I don't know if this plant is woody or herbaceous. I few more images taken from different angles might help. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Last year I planted a black eyed Susan. This year a strange plant came in the same place. Could this yellow flowering plant with huge leaves be some mutant variety of the Black eyed Susans?
    Answer
    Dear rossvass, good afternoon. It looks like you have photographed Ligularia dentata (bigleaf leopard plant), which is a member of the composite family. It is commonly cultivated. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I just want to say thank you for your valuable input!!! I can go forward with my biology project with more confidence. Thank you for offering such a wonderful service!
    Answer
    Dear Shannon, you are most welcome. I'm glad I can assist you. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Can you help me identify this? Thanks -Zac
    Answer
    Dear Zac, Good afternoon. I need to know where this plant is from. Location information is vitally important for identification. Also, please provide the habitat so I can use the ecological differences between species to help. With those pieces of information, I may be able to assist you. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Dear botanist, Are you able to identify this daisy-like flower? Thank you for your help! Shannon
    Answer
    Dear Shannon, good morning again. The plant you have photographed is Pityopsis falcata (sickle-leaved silk-grass). It is a native member of the composite family that is relatively rare in the region (though it can be locally abundant in the correct habitats). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Dear Botanist, Would you help to identify the attached observation?
    Answer
    Dear srferrando+, good morning. You have photographed a species of Eutrochium (Joe-)Pye weed), a member of the composite family. Without knowing the location of the plant and having a close-up image of the leaves, I can't assist you beyond that. It may be Eutrochium dubium (coastal plain Joe-Pye weed). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Dear Botanist, Mat I have your assistance in identifying the attached observation? Thank you so much for your help. My biology final is due in two weeks, and I am supposed to have observations ID’d by the naturalist community. Thank you in advance! Shannon
    Answer
    Dear srferrando+, you have photographed a species of Solidago (goldenrod). Given the early date, the architecture of the arrays and details of the leaves, it is most likely Solidago juncea (early goldendrod), a common species of roadsides, clearings, fields, and disturbed ground.
  • Question
    Dear Botanist, May I have your assistance in identifying the attached observation? Is it Black Raspberry? Thank you for sharing your expertise! Shannon
    Answer
    Dear srferrando+, good morning. No, you have photographed another species in the genus Rubus. Your plant is a species of blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus). These species have their fruits detach with the white, spongy receptacle (raspberries, including black raspberry, detach from the receptacle so they are hollow when picked). I hope this is helpful.
  • Question
    Rhododendron viscosum, Muddy Cove Pond, Dighton, MA 02715
    Answer
    David, thank you for posting this image. It looks like a textbook example of the species (from what I can see). Best wishes.
  • Question
    I just found a blooming epipactis, helleborine orchid. I can’t decide whether to keep or remove. Can you please identify pros and cons? I’m in East Wareham Massachusetts, zone 6. I am very close to Cape Cod Canal. Maybe 4 miles as the crow flies. Thank you.
    Answer
    Dear holsterjoyce, good morning. Epipactis helleborine is a non-native species as you know. However, let us not direct any hatred toward this plant as it did not come to North America with an agenda, but found itself introduced here and is trying to live (no different than many species of plants and animals that are being moved around the world by a global travel network). It is not an invasive species and its removal will make little difference overall in this species abundance and distribution. It really comes down to your values and intentions. I'm sorry I'm not providing a concrete answer because I don't believe there is on. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, Found these on a walk at Neutaconkanut Hill Conservancy in Providence, RI. Wondering if they all tick tre-foil, the first two images possibly Desmodium paniculatum, and the next two images Desmodium perplexum, and the last two, Hylodesmum glutinosum? Only the last species is in currently in bloom. Thanks
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good morning. It will be a little difficult to assist you because the images are not ordered (for me) as you posted them. Those with narrow leaflets may well be Desmodium paniculatum (i.e., it is a good hypothesis). The flowering plant looks good for Hylodesmum glutinosum. The non-flowering individual could be a number of species. If you can acquire flowers for it, please do so. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, After submitting my question, I played around a bit more with GoBotany's Simple Key. Is it possible I photographed Calystegia sepium (false hedge bindweed)? Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, in case you don't see my previous message: Persicaria arifolia (halberd-leaved tearthumb).
  • Question
    unknown plant. additional info: growing since 2022 in Florence MA 01062 in locally sourced soil/compost mix. 3 leaves at each node suspect it's woody. leaves are bright green finely toothed ovals, matte surface on top with shiny undersides, veins lighter than the rest of the leaf, size 30mm x 55mm. stem and new growth are slightly reddish. mulched in pine/hemlock barks. may have arrived as a piece of root or stem rather than a seed. about 12" tall and growing.
    Answer
    Dear FogFriend, good morning. Thank you for providing more information, but I'm still unable to help. Until this plant is more mature, and more characteristics are available, we will need to wait. Perhaps you can contact me when it flowers/fruits. Best wishes.
  • Question
    We are having trouble identifying this tree. We have been told it may be native to India. Any help is appreciated!
    Answer
    Dear wigertsbonsai, good morning. I wish I could help you. Go Botany is a website dedicated to wild plants of New England. While I am happy to entertain all plant-related questions, cultivated and extra-limital plants are often outside of the realms of expertise. I'm sorry I can't be of assistance. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Dear Ace Botanist, Looking for help with this little guy. I've visited the site several times hoping to find the plant fruiting, but it must be a late summer bloomer. It's growing in a shallow stream bed in a wooded area in Lincoln, RI Thanks once again for all the expert guidance. It's so nice to have a place to go to get our native plant queries answered! Thanks for your time.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, you have photographed Persicaria arifolia (halbered-leaved tearthumb), a native smartweed that belongs to the knotweed family. This plant will have a small, densely clustered array of flowers at the apex of the stem. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi, I have posted a photo(s) of this mystery plant that grows in the cracks of my patio rocks. I live in Southern VT Leaves are "needly/awn" like. Flower are green/yellow and look to be 4-petaled. The plant grows to 4" in height. Thank you!
    Answer
    Dear rgrumbine, you have photographed Sagina procumbens (bird's-eye pearlwort), a native member of the pink family. This species is very common in urban settings (such as cracks in sidewalks and pavement), but it is also found in natural settings (like gravel shorelines).
  • Question
    Dear Ace Botanist, Thanks for all your help with my previous inquiries. I'm guessing this is an aster, a Symphyotrichum, but I'm not sure who. it shows up on the edges of the wooded trails in Neutaconkanut Hill Conservancy in Providence, RI. I didn't realize asters bloom this early. Maybe it's something else? Thanks again.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good afternoon. The plant you have photographed is Sericocarpus asteroides (toothed white-topped-aster). This is a native species of well-drained soils, such as woodlands, clearings, and grasslands. It was formerly included in the genus Aster, bu phylogenetic study shows that it is not part of that genus. Best wishes.
  • Question
    thistle looking bright yellow flower, super spiny leaves but no actual spines probably not native but wondering if its invasive? growing in a sunny/sandy/dry spot by the road in southern connecticut
    Answer
    Dear thatonetreetho, good day to you. You appear to have photographed Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), a member of the aster family. Would you please contact me with information about whether you believe this is planted or not (ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org). If naturalized, this would be a new state record. Thank you very much.
  • Question
    Dear Botanist, Would you help me to identify this plant? I think it is a moss, but neither Seek nor iNaturalist has an identification. I've included one picture of the tree this was on - though I don't know it's id either. I hope the pictures are clear enough. Would LOVE your help! Thank you so much! Shannon
    Answer
    Dear srferrando+, good afternoon. Go Botany is a website dedicated to wild plants (tracheophytes) of New England. Mosses and other non-tracheophyte plants are outside of my realm of expertise. I'm sorry I cannot help you with this question (though the bryophyte is beautiful).
  • Question
    This grass showed up in my neighbor's garden in Topsham, Maine. Can you help us identify it? Fearing it could be Phragmites (though it doesn't look it), it has already been trashed, just in case. But we would still like to know its identity. (Sorry, photo uploads sideways.)
    Answer
    Dear remeika@maine.rr.com, good afternoon. The plant you have photographed is likely Panicum mileaceum (Proso millet). Please be very careful about removing plants prior to having a confident identification. There is a native species of Phragmites that is known to have been herbicided due to over-zealous action against non-native plants. I'm happy to help anytime I can with your identification questions. Best wishes.
  • Question
    unknown plant. What I know: 3 leaves at each node I strongly suspect its woody. leaves are bright green finely toothed ovals, matte surface on top with shiny undersides, veins lighter than the rest of the leaf, size 30mm x 55mm. stem and newest growth are slightly reddish. growing in a rich soil/compost mix that was brought to site, and mulched in pine/hemlock barks. may have arrived as a piece of root or stem rather than a seed. about 12" tall and growing.
    Answer
    Dear FogFriend, good afternoon. I'm sorry I cannot help you with this identification. It would be helpful to know where this plant is growing (i.e., location information is very important for determining species names for plants). With that information, I might be able to direct more questions to you to arrive at an answer. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Any idea what these tree is ? Until now, I have never been unable to identify any plant in my Region (Central New Hampshire). Woodland, upland, glacial till soil. About 20 feet tall
    Answer
    Dear fogeorge, you have photographed Frangula alnus (glossy-buckthorn), a non-native member of the buckthorn family. This woody plant is usually very aggressive (unfortunately) in its growth and spread. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, I'm not sure why this image uploaded sideways. Could this be spotted water-hemlock? I was hoping it might be purple-stemmed angelica, but think that's unlikely.(Found in Lincoln, RI) Thanks
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, hello. The plant you have posted appears to be Cicuta maculata (spotted water-hemlock), a native member of the celery family. This species is frequent along shorelines, and in wetlands and ditches. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, this odd looking plant sprouted in my perennial garden. I am not sure if it is a sapling of shrub/ tree? Would you help me identify it please. Thank you.
    Answer
    Dear yann, good morning. There are no images associated with your post. Without them, I cannot help you. If you are having difficulty uploading images, feel free to attach them to an email and send them to ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org and I will try to assist. Please don't forget to include location information (it is crucial to identification).
  • Question
    I just posted Campanula trachelium It is not a North American Plant. It is very aggressive and now I'm trying to eradicate from yard. Have others reported this plant and its bad behavior?
    Answer
    Dear nhazard, good morning. It is difficult for me to remember all of the plants that have been posted on Go Botany given the large number of submissions. This plant acts differently in different regions of North America, so your observations may not be the same as others would report. Thank you for participating here.
  • Question
    Hello! I wanted to make sure it's okay if I share photos outside of the New England area. I would be sharing plants in Georgia. Thank you for your time. I happened across your site trying to identify an American Spikenard in my yard.
    Answer
    Dear nicole83, good afternoon. Yes, you are most welcome to share images from outside of New England. However, GA is outside of my region of expertise and I may not be able to assist you. So long as you are aware of this, feel free to post questions here. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Can you tell me if this is the native type of yellow rattle? Spotted in Sharon , MA 7/1/22
    Answer
    mfmorello@comcast.net, good afternoon. There are two answers I will provide. One is based on the morphology: I can't tell you from the image. The picture doesn't show leaves on this plant, which is needed to see the morphological details that distinguish the two species. Based on the location, it is almost certainly the non-native (Rhinanthus minor subsp. minor). Our native is only known from Mount Washington, NH. I hope this helps.
  • Question
    thanks for all the help so far. can you tell me what produces these berries?
    Answer
    Dear NativesEnthusiast, good afternoon to you. You appear to have photographed Frangula alnus (glossy-buckthorn), a non-native member of the buckthorn family. the alternate, entire leaves with somewhat arcuate venation and solitary fruits mark this species.
  • Question
    Hi, Would you assist me in identifying this pretty wildflower plant? It is growing amongst many other coastal plants and was found at Woodneck Beach, Falmouth, MA on Cape Cod. It is adjacent to a saltwater marsh area adjacent to the beach. Thank you. Shannon
    Answer
    srferrando+, good afternoon. The plant you have photographed is Achillea millefolium (common yarrow), a native member of the aster family. It has the flat-topped array of white (or rarely pink) flower heads with finely divided leaves that are aromatic. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi, Would you help me to identify this plant seen in a grassy area adjacent to a saltwater march which is adjacent to Woodneck Beach, Falmouth, Ma. on Cape Cod. Thank you so much for your time and assistance. Shannon
    Answer
    srferrando+, hello again. The plant with the five-petaled white flower is a species of Rubus subgenus Rubus (blackberry), a member of the rose family. I cannot tell you which species without images that display the leaves, prickles, and habit of the stems. I hope knowing the genus is helpful to you.
  • Question
    Hi, Would you help me to identify this plant (weed?) found growing out of the rocky landscape at Woodneck Beach, Falmouth, MA (Cape Cod). It's base looks just like a giant weed, yet it has these interesting stalks coming out of it. This is for a Biology II project I am doing. Thank you so much for sharing your expertise! Shannon
    Answer
    Dear srferando+, good afternoon. You have photographed a species of Rumex (dock) in the knotweed family. From the images provided, I cannot identify which species. There are 18 species in this genus, and I would need close-up images of the flowers/fruits to be able to assist further. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi, Would you help me to identify these grasses found in a very long row along the entrance to Woodneck Beach, Falmouth, MA. (Cape Cod). The grasses were about 5-6 feet tall. Thank you so much for sharing your expertise with so many!
    Answer
    Dear srferando+, hello. I'm glad you were able to get images uploaded. The grasses look like a member of the genus Phragmites (reed), and are likely Phragmites australis (common reed). The panicles are not obviously provided with abundant white hairs at this time of the season (but will become so later as the spikelets mature). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Are you able to help me identify this grass? It is located at Woodneck Beach, MA which is on Cape Cod. The grasses covered a long stretch of the entrance to the beach and were quite tall - perhaps 5-6 feet. Thank you so much for sharing your expertise with so many!
    Answer
    srferrando+, good afternoon. There are no images association with your question, without them I can't help you. If you are having trouble uploading images, feel free to attach them to an email and send them to ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org and I will try to assist.
  • Question
    Hello! General question about flowers here, would food residue (such as crumbs, a small amount of oils, particles, etc.) interrupt the growth and germination of flower seeds?
    Answer
    Dear bloop, good morning. Generally, some small particles of food, etc. shouldn't be a major issue for seed germination. Most seeds are accustomed to conditions that would include particles of soil, plant material, partially decomposed detritus, etc. If not too abundant, I wouldn't think such things would be a problem. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Dear ace Botanist, I am trying to figure out what kind of sumac tree (30 feet tall) is growing in a wet, wooded area in north-central Massachusetts. Stems are fuzzy, and it has several younger ones springing up. Attaching a flower photo (loose spikes, up to 6 inches high). Clearly not staghorn sumac! Thanks for your help solving this mystery! Sharon Tracy PS the photo seems to have uploaded sideways! Sorry.
    Answer
    Dear Tracy, good morning. The image looks like a very good match for Rhus typhina (staghorn sumac). The flowers are much looser, as you have photographed, than the rather tight array of red fruits. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello again, Thanks for your help identifying the Symphyotrichum patens. I'll look back in on it in the fall when it's in flower. I was wondering if there's enough in these images to identify this Carex species. Could it be Carex radiata or perhaps Carex rosea? Found in Neutaconkanut Park in Providence, RI (as was the aster). Thanks again
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good afternoon. The sedge you have photographed is consistent with members of section Phaestoglochin (e.g., Carex radiata, C. rosea). However, to identify this plant I would need careful measurements of leaf width and stem width and a close-up image of the styles as they protrude from the perigynium. Perhaps you will be able to examine these features and navigate your way in the identification key. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Dear Kind Botanist, I was wondering if you could please help me identify this shrub? I realize your specialty is New England plants but I’m unable to find another reputable online source….this shrub is located near Parry Sound Ontario on an island on the Canadian Shield (granite). It’s located under some old pine trees. In a large patch. Woody stems. The “flower” is somewhat hard. Thank you very much!
    Answer
    Dear mkmcd, good afternoon. While I can't tell you with 100% certainty, this may be what is called Azalea Leaf and Flower Gall caused by the fungus Exobasidium vacinii. It is frequent on black huckleberry (Gaylusaccia baccata), but I don't believe it is restricted to that species. I hope this helps get you started on your study.
  • Question
    Thank you for helping me to learn Amelanchier and botany in general. I returned to the plant today and took these pictures, with visible hairs inside the ring of sepals, it seems. The red diamonds show stems from this clump, and there are several other clumps within the range of my phone-cam from about 20 feet away, standing just within a growth of cattail along this tidal river. Do the hairs definitively identify this as A. arborea, or are there still other possibilities?
    Answer
    corylus, good afternoon. A pubescent ovary summit and relatively short petals suggests this plant is no Amelanchier arborea. Given the height you mentioned, it is most likely a hybrid that could involve Amelanchier spicata. If you could get a flowering specimen next year I could give you a more positive determination. Stay in touch if that sounds like something you would like to do. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, I was wondering if you might know who this is? I realize my photos aren't the clearest, but I was hoping the perforate leaf would provide a clue. Thanks in advance.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good morning. The plant looks like a vegetative individual of Symphyotrichum patens (late purple American-aster). This species shown the prominently clasping leaf bases of the plant you've photographed. I don't know where this image was taken, and location information is critical (sometimes I won't be able to help without it). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, thanks for your response to my Amelanchier question. If you will accept a follow-up post, I returned to the plant today and took these pictures of the fruit. I guess I don't detect hairs within the ovary crown, if I'm looking at it correctly (the picture isn't perfect though), but there seem to be fibers on the ends of the developing fruit. Regarding the petal length, I didn't measure them at the time, but they struck me as being a little shorter than the presumed A. arborea in my yard.
    Answer
    Dear corylus, the hairs at the summit of the ovary are found down inside the ring of sepals. In flower, they are where the styles emerge. I can't quite see down inside the hypanthium in this image. If it truly is glabrous, you may be dealing with another taxon (such as Amelanchier canadensis, which has shorter petals and more compact inflorescences than A. arborea--though A. canadensis usually grows as a compact clump of several to many stems).
  • Question
    Hi Mr. Botanist, I was wondering how one could distinguish between Athyrium angustum and A. filix-femina? I am located in Westchester County, NY. Thanks in advance.
    Answer
    Dear dmishra, good afternoon. Using the taxonomy that recognizes Athyrium angustum as a separate species, Athyrium felix-femina doesn't occur in NY (or North America, for that matter). So, we need to understand which taxa you are actually trying to separate from Athyrium angustum (northern lady fern). Understand that past taxonomy treated all these different species as varieties or subspecies of Athyrium felix-femina, but that the taxa have always been the same (just treated at a different rank). In the northeast, we also have Athyrium asplenioides (southern lady fern). But those are the only two species in this complex. If you are asking to distinguish those two species, I can help you. Let me know please.
  • Question
    A 2 meter tall plant beside a path in the woods. Lincoln, Massachusetts, June 2022.
    Answer
    Dear jfc, good morning to you. You have photographed a species of Ilex (winterberry). I can't tell you for certain which species this is, but given the absence of short-shoots, it is likely Ilex verticillata. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Is this a species of viburnum? Thanks for any help -Zac
    Answer
    Dear NativesEnthusiast, good morning. Unfortunately, I can't answer your question. I simply don't have enough to go on. The leaves are at an angle in the image such that I cannot see them well enough. If you have additional images, please post them (or, perhaps you can secure additional images?).
  • Question
    And might you be able to identify this guy? Thanks -Zac
    Answer
    Dear NativesEnthusiast, Good morning. You have photographed a species of Smilax (greenbriar). These are native plants in the Smilicaceae. I can't tell you which species because I need to see an underside of the leaf to see if it is glaucous (i.e., with a bloom or not). What I can tell you is that you Smilax rotundifolia or S. glauca. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello - I'm a bit late in the season with this, but am trying to understand the differences within Amelanchier here on upper Cape Cod. This one taken May 10 was above the Mashpee River steep wooded bank, maybe 7-8 ft tall, somewhat exposed to weather perhaps despite some oak and pitch pine cover. I have what I believe is A. arborea wild in my Mashpee yard, but this one might have had more stems/trunks, maybe.
    Answer
    Dear Corylus, good morning. The plant may be Amelanchier arborea. The summit of the ovary (which partly concealed by the stamens in your close view of the flowers would need to be glabrous (i.e., devoid of hairs) for that species. You can assess this in fruit if you revisit the plants. I would also like to see a petal length measurement to be more certain (the petals should be longer than 12 mm to be that species, shorter than this and it suggests another). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Would you happen to keep a listing of your past "plant of the day" postings on the main GoBotany webpage? I'm trying to identify one of my front yard weeds with tiny flowers and leaves with hastate base. If I could see a list from the last 5 weeks or so, I would recognize the name (which, unfortunately, I have forgotten).
    Answer
    Dear rspeer566, good morning. I don't keep a record of the plant of the day. Do you have any images of the plant? If you send me some via email I probably can help out. Be well.
  • Question
    Located in Meriden, CT. Is this a native plant?
    Answer
    Dear Glid51, yes, Clinopodium vulgare (wild basil) is a native species that occurs in a variety of upland settings, including forested and open habitats. The flowers on your plants are much more blue that I used to seeing (typically they are more toward red--but not pure red). Best wishes.
  • Question
    I have a lot of hawkweed in my yard in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. The plants are generally over 50cm tall with at most very small leaves above the base of the stems.
    Answer
    Dear jfc, you have photographed Pilosella praealta (tall king-devil). This species is one of the more common king-devils after Pilosella officinarum and P. aurantiaca. All of these species in this genus were formerly placed in Hieracium and all are non-native to North America.
  • Question
    What is this? Native or not? Thanks, Julia P S my son is becoming a field botanist out west! check him out: @kylephyte on Instagram.
    Answer
    Dear JuliaB, you've photographed Lapsana communis (common nipplewort), a member of the lettuce tribe in the composite family. It is not native, but it is a wonderful edible early in the season when the leaves are expanding (before the flower heads are produced). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Good morning, In Egypt western of Suez canal, I noticed those fungus in my backyard and I hope you can help me identify its name and if it is harmful for plants (specially its roots) and humans or harmless. Thank you for your attention.
    Answer
    Dear Hossny, good morning. Unfortunately, I cannot assist you. Go Botany is a website dedicated to wild plants (not fungi) of northeastern North America. While it is possible that I could identify some weed species that you have that are also found here, I can't help you with this fungus question. I hope you find an answer to your question.
  • Question
    mixed woods edge of wetland, York cnty Maine, interested if you might know just from leaf, I was intrigued by the parallel veins.. in orchid family? hope to return later to see what it turns into?
    Answer
    Dear P.Smith-80, hello to you. I'm not certain of who you have photographed, but it may be a very depauperate Veratrum viride (Amercan false hellebore). It is a species with the pleated leaves shown in your photograph. Perhaps there are larger individuals in the area that you can find to learn the identity of this plant. Best wishes.
  • Question
    what is this flowering plant I found growing near the base of an oak? I found it growing in a picnic area of a park?
    Answer
    Dear NativesEnthusiast, you have photographed Melampyrum lineare (cow-wheat), a member of the Orobanchaceae. This is a native hemiparasite, a plant that attaches to other plants via invasive connections (called haustoria) but also produces chlorophyll.
  • Question
    Is this large yellow-loosestrife? Thanks, Zac.
    Answer
    Dear Zac, there are no images associated with your question. Without them, I won't be able to help you. If you are having trouble uploading images, feel free to attach them to an email and send them to ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org and I will try to assist you.
  • Question
    Could you help me identify what’s happening to my bush bean plants? Is it disease or a bug? How do I treat it? Sorry if this is a novice question. Please see image
    Answer
    Dear typatrickposton, good morning. I'm sorry I cannot help you with your question. Go Botany is a website dedicated to wild plants of New England. Many questions related to cultivation and horticulture will not be known to me. I hope you are able to find the information you need.
  • Question
    What is this Western New England field plant?
    Answer
    Dear niels7, good morning. You have photographed a species of Apocynum (dogbane). I can't tell for certain who this is because the images aren't quite close enough to the flowers. It is likely Apocynum androsaemifolium (spreading dogbane), a common native, perennial herb in New England. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Dear Botanist, this yellow flowered plant, about a foot high, is in a small meadow in the North Quabbin woodlands in MA not far from NH. Many thanks for identifying it for me.
    Answer
    Dear Tracy, the image is a bit out of focus, but it looks like a species of Oenothera, such as Oenothera perennis (little evening-primrose), a native species of herb. Best wishes.
  • Question
    could you ID this plant ? No leaves - just came up after mowing a patch of mugwort in central NH. stem is hairy
    Answer
    Dear katedski, good afternoon. You have photographed Aphyllon uniflorum (one-flowered cancer-root). If you looked this plant up in most guides, it would be under the name Orobanche uniflora. It is a parasitic plant that attaches to host species by root connections called haustoria. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello! I have a question about planting a kalmia angustifolia near a large established juniper bush. I note that these plants are allelopathic to conifers. I was going to plant it a few feet away, but I won't if it will impede the juniper lifecycle or cause it harm. Would a kalmia angustifolia harm a juniper bush and if so, how? Are the allelopathic chemicals distributed by the root system? Is there guidance for a safe distance to plant it away from the juniper?
    Answer
    Dear NPTrust, good morning. There are many allelopathic plants, some of which are well known (e.g., black walnut). It is important to realize that allelopathic plants do not harm all plants (i.e., there are species that can grow in close vicinity and do just fine where others will not be able to). So, it depends on the species involved. I do not know about the interactions between American-laurel and juniper (the ones you asked about). I'm guessing that if you plant them far enough apart (a few meters) you wouldn't have any major issues. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, I recently wrote to you asking help with identifying a plant in my yard and you requested more information. I believe the plant was planted by the previous owner of my home. I am located in Fairfield, Connecticut. It does not produce fruit or flowers. Sorry, for some reason it keeps posting 2 of the pics sideways. I hope this helps to solve the mystery! I will upload the pics of it again. Thanks so much!
    Answer
    Dear brookeashley1981, I will share these images with some folks who know more about cultivated plants and see if anyone has a thought on who the plant may be. I'll be in touch. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, Could you help identify these plants? (Hope it is alright to group them in one inquiry.) All were found in a limerock preserve in RI. Thanks, SLD
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good morning. I don't mind lumping things together, but it gets hard to let you know which plants I'm referring to. The first plant is Actaea pachypoda (one image). The second plant (one image) is a species of Plantago. The third plant (two images) is Pedicularis canadensis. The fourth plant is a species of Nabalus (rattlenake-root). I hope this helps.
  • Question
    Good morning, Botany Brainiacs! Spotted this morning along an offshoot of the old Hamden/Hampshire Canal near the MA/CT line. In the past this area was only wet during spring thaw, but increasing run-off from new construction uphill has turned the spring flow to a raging torrent, which has carved a gulley all the way down to the water table! There's a short stretch that is now wet almost continuously, and new plants appearing we haven't seen here before. Any ideas on this one? Thanks! :)
    Answer
    Dear Kamereone, good afternoon. The plants look like Leucothoe fontanesiana (highland dog-laurel), a non-native member of the heath family that is frequently planted and sometimes escapes. In a couple of weeks there should be open flowers that would remind you of blueberry. Best wishes.
  • Question
    ID? From a forested wetland in Central MA. Thank you!
    Answer
    Dear JMP, good morning. You have photographed a sedge in the genus Carex. Unfortunately, the images are taken from too far away for me to tell you which species. I would need closer images of the flowers/fruits to help you. The habit of the plant is similar to Carex trisperma. Perhaps you could examine images of that plant and determine if they match what you recall from the field. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Can you identify this plant/bush for me. It is in my back yard, in Gloucester Massachusetts. Tiny white blossoms that attract bees. Very sharp thorns. small thin almond shaped green leaves. Fred Broer
    Answer
    Dear Fred, you have photographed Elaeagnus umbellata (autumn-olive). This plant, native to Asia, has become quite widespread in New England. It is utilized by a number of pollinators and produces an edible red fruit. The odor of the flowers is quite strong (if you haven't already smelled them). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Can anyone identify? I know what everything else is in my back yard garden but not this. Photo only uploads sideways; sorry! Thx.
    Answer
    Dear cindiebeau, good morning. You have photographed a willow (genus Salix). However, I can't tell you which willow from the species provided. Hopefully knowing the genus will get you started on your study.
  • Question
    Hello, Can you please identify this plant that is in my yard? No one has been able to identify it. Thank you!
    Answer
    Deaer brookashley1981, good afternoon to you. I can't help you with your question (at least not yet). I need to know what part of the world this plant was growing. Location information is vitally important to identifying plants given that plants have geographic ranges and learning where something grows eliminates some possibilities. Also, if this is cultivated, I may be the wrong person to ask. That all written, if flowers or fruits are produced, I may be able to assist. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I hope these photos are sufficient for an ID. My guess is showy goldenrod, but I know I could be woefully wrong. Photos taken September 30th, 2021 in western Franklin County in Massachusetts. It was in my meadow-like backyard among other goldenrods, and it was the last kind to bloom.
    Answer
    Dear HuntRoadRaven, good afternoon. The plants in the photograph certainly look consistent with Solidago speciosa (showy goldenrod). While I can't see every detail I need to be certain, I think you are correct with your hypothesis. Best wishes.
  • Question
    found in the woods of Mendon, Ma near a brook I think this is a Purple Fringed Orchid.
    Answer
    Dear mxi2018, good afternoon. You have indeed collected a member of the Platanthera psycodes complex. The image doesn't allow me to determine whether or not this plant is P. psycodes or P. grandiflora, but you are on are the right track. Beautiful plant.
  • Question
    Hi! I'm wondering about this varigated trillium we saw while we were hiking in northern California. The woods were full of great white trillium, and then we stumbled on this varigated plant. In my 30 years of hiking the Pacific Northwest, I've never seen one. Is it rare? Do you know about this one? Thank you! Sincerely, Samantha Gobba
    Answer
    Dear gilmansa, good morning. I can't answer your question as to why this species is variegated. I do know that within this genus there are harmless viral infections that cause unusual coloration to the petals. It may occur here with your image. Best wishes.
  • Question
    ID help, please. I don't recall having planted this, but the number and location tell me I did, and did it early this year. It has sticky stems and milky sap in stems and leaves. I'm in California, but if I planted it, it could well be a wild New England plant — or from anywhere else. What is it?
    Answer
    Dear giralua, good morning. You have photographed a species of composite (Asteraceae) that is in the tribe Lactuceae (lettuce tribe). These species possess capitula with all ray flowers (no disk flowers) and have milky latex when the plant is bruised. However, without a specimen, I would not be able to tell you any more than this. I'm sorry I can't help further.
  • Question
    This plant seems new to my garden this year but I've had trouble ID'ing it. It seems to grow pretty quickly and is roughly 3 feet tall. I would appreciate it if someone could ID this plant. Thanks!
    Answer
    Dear Druid99, good morning. I'm not able to help you yet. I cannot determine who this is with the photographs provided. I'm hoping you will allow it to continue growing until flowers appear. Please send me images once that happens. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Can someone help identify this flowering plant that I saw along the side of the road near Marlborough MA?
    Answer
    Dear albert_mason, good morning. I believe you have photographed Aquilegia vulgaris (European columbine). The form you have submitted here is a form with many more than the five petals that the wild-type would display (there are cultivars that show this form of flower), which makes it more difficult to interpret the parts. The leaves of this plant are in the upper right of the image (out of focus, divided). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Not so much "plant" related but this seems like the best place to ask. Was wondering if anyone knows what these white strings are. I was hiking through a national park in Tasmania and these strings were scattered everywhere on the forest floor for miles. I didn't get many decent videos but it seemed to be originating from all the different types of mushrooms, and then spreading into all of the other organisms (moss, bark, trees etc.)
    Answer
    Dear jordan, good afternoon. I wish I could help. Unfortunately, you observed these structures very far from my region of expertise. You will need to find someone closer to that area who has expertise in the natural history there. Good luck.
  • Question
    Tulip tree is apparently a dicot or eudicot. But its flower has 6 petals and 3 tepals if you count the 3 petals under the 6 main petals. I just carefully inspected 8 flowers from 3 tulip trees and confirmed the above observation. Now the 6 or 6 + 3 petal arrangement is typical of a monocot plant. Am I making a mistake in my observation or is the 3 x n rule for monocot frequently broken? Thank you so much for you time and help.
    Answer
    Dear plantaware, good morning. While Liriodendron tulipifera is has two cotyledons, it is not a eudicot. It belongs to a group of plants known as the magnoliids that appeared prior to the monocots. It shares with the monocots the typical pattern of perianth parts in multiples of three. Monocots arouse (evolutionarily) from within dicot plants. Keep in mind that what was formerly classified as dicots is now split into multiple groups (the vast majority of the former dicots are called "tricolpates"). I hope this helps.
  • Question
    Hello! I found this plant in a forest in northeast MA, on the edge of a trail. It looks a little like prince's pine or some kind of shinleaf to me, but I don't think it's either. Any chance you recognize it?
    Answer
    Dear yrxl, good afternoon to you. You have photographed the basal leaves of Goodyera pubescens (downy rattlesnake-plantain). This is a native orchid that is most common in dry-mesic to mesic forests with a component of oak. It will send up a spike of white flowers later in the summer.
  • Question
    Trying to identify this plant in Brookfield VT forest.
    Answer
    Dear Susan, good afternoon. Your plant is Maianthemum racemosum (feathery false Solomon's-seal). This is a native perennial herb that produces red berries and overwinters by a stocky rhizome. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I believe this to be Meadow Bistort located in Dorset VT however it is listed as "absent" in Vermont. Can you confirm or give me a correct ID?
    Answer
    Dear mbrownie, good morning. It does appear you have photographed Bistorta officinalis (meadow bistort). The distribution you see listed on Go Botany is for wild plants that are growing outside of cultivation. Perhaps you could email me at ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org and we can discuss the setting these plants are in (e.g., cultivated, naturalized). Thank you and best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, Thanks for your help idenifying the Nabalus I sent in. I'm curious if this leaf is also from a Nabalus (found in the woods in Providence, RI). Also, I was wondering if you could help idenity this odd-looking plant found in the woods in Lincoln, RI Thanks so much.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good morning. The leaf you have posted is also from a Nabalus. If there are enough in the population, remember you can tear a small portion and you will see white latex exude from the wound. The odd-looking plant is called Conopholis americana (American bear-corn). It is a parasitic plant in the Orobanchaceae. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Ground cover in a clearing in Lincoln, Massachusetts, near houses.
    Answer
    Dear jfc, good morning. The plant you have photographed is Aegopodium podograria (bishop's goutweed), a non-native member of the Apiaceae. Some populations show maculate leaves, while others are completely green as in your images. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Stumped with Brassicaceae from Stevens Island, floodplain, Oxford Cty, ME, in open meadow on the northeast side near main river channel. The plants were stiffly erect, 20-80 cm high with racemes of flowers growing near the top of the stems. The open flowers were about a quarter inch wide, 4 petals, white (with some hints of purple/rose). The stem and leaves glaucous; stem leaves strictly upright and auriculate-clasping the stem. ??
    Answer
    rspeer566, good morning. The plant you have photographed is like Boechera stricta (Canada rockcress). It has all of the characteristics that you have mentioned, including the tints of red/purple on the petals (sometimes, but not in all plants). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello. I'm stumped by this plant. Looks kind of like Impatiens, but the leaves are opposite. thanks in advance.
    Answer
    Dear dccmmings, the plant you photographed is Impatiens (likely capensis). This plant has opposite leaves lower down on the stem (the early leaves) and alternate leaves higher up on the stem (the later leaves). It shows both arrangements on most stems. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello! I've been having a hard time figuring out what this plant is. It's growing in a bed full of rocks by the house, where almost nothing else grows, and at the edge of a flowerbed. I'm in western Massachusetts. I haven't seen any flowers on it yet, which obviously makes it trickier!
    Answer
    Dear emmettra, good morning. This plant will require flowers to identify as there are several different composite species that have leaves of this shape. It likely belongs to the genus Symphyotrichum (American-aster), but could belong to Eurybia (wood-aster). With flowers, we can tell for certain. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I can’t identify this plant. Woody area. Central Maine
    Answer
    Dear allagash, you have photographed Polygaloides paucifolia (fringed false milkwort), a species formerly known by the name Polygala paucifolia (if you try to look it up in a wildflower book, it will be under the latter name in all likelihood). It is an infrequent (but not rare) native herb in the Maine. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi, i'm trying to identify a shrub that i see all over the cape cod national Seashore around the ranger's station. I've also seen it in residential landscaping around Chatham ma. Any help identifying it would be greatly appreciated.
    Answer
    Ando1, good morning. This appears to be Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom), a non-native shrub in the Fabaceae with green, angled branches. This species produces compound leaves with three leaflets and some simple leaves. It is most common in New England along the greater coastal plain. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, I am from a little town in Massachusetts called North Brookfield. Since I was a young girl, I have been looking for a four leaf clover. I am now in my mid thirties and a mom of three young children anr barely have time to shower let alone scan for these lucky charms. I had the opportunity to spend a couple days outside recently and was excited to scan the grass. Astonished, I came across what I believe to be a four, five, six, and seven leaf clover. Can you help me?!
    Answer
    Dear Lyndsay, good morning. It does appear you have found an actual four-leaved clover. The +/- crescent marks on the leaves suggest this might be a species like Trifolium pratense (red clover). It is a common species that does grown on lawns and in fields. Wonderful find.
  • Question
    Located in MA. Just got a few Red Brandywine tomato plants that don’t look super healthy. Before I plant them in the raised beds, would like to know if there are any major diseases going on here. There are yellow leaves, a few leaves with some gray/black on them and one or more leaf that appears gradient dark then becoming more light towards the tip. They also appear puffy. I can include more photos if helpful. Thank you for any help you may be able to provide. Melissa
    Answer
    Dear melissaj312, good morning. I'm sorry that I cannot help. I am not a plant pathologist or horticulturalist. There are many things that can affect plant growth that I'm not familiar enough with to diagnose. Go Botany is a website dedicated to wild plant identification and conservation in New England. I hope you will be able to find the answer and keep your plant healthy.
  • Question
    I just have a question about Urishol. I see too many conflicting things online bout it. Does the plant have to be damaged to release the oil? If you do get it on you what is the best way to get it off everything? I use 91 percent alcohol and spray it on items I believe to have gotten in the oil even if I haven't touched it or know its there. . Are there any items out there that can be sprayed on that you know to work well. I need your help I am terrified to even go in the woods at this point.
    Answer
    Dear themooseinacanoe, good afternoon. The answer is: it really depends on your sensitivity to urishiol. For example, I can walk among the species of poison-ivy and even touch them lightly without issue. Others, that is too much contact and they develop dermatitis. No, you don't have to damage the plant if you are very sensitive. Soap works well, but you must remember that a large proporton of the urishiol has already absorbed within ten minutes. So, lawsone containing plants like touch-me-not (genus Impatiens) works well because the lawsone binds to the same receptor areas as urishiol but is both more aggressive and non-allergenic. The sap from Impatiens can be applied hours later and drastically reduce or even block any allergic reaction. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi, Here is a closer pic
    Answer
    Dear ando1, good afternoon. Thank you for a closer image. The plant looks like Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom), a non-native woody plant that is most common in the region along the greater coastal plain. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi, i'm trying to identify a shrub that i see all over the cape cod national Seashore around the ranger's station. I've also seen it in residential landscaping around Chatham ma. Any help identifying it would be greatly appreciated.
    Answer
    Dear ando1, good morning. The image you've uploaded is simply too far away from the plant for me to see any details. Do you have an image taken closer to the plant so that I can see the leaves, stems, etc.? If so, please upload it so I can assist you. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Small tree at the edge of wetlands, Lincoln, Massachusetts.
    Answer
    Dear jfc, good morning. I'm certain from the images you provided, but it looks like a sapling of Betula alleghaniensis. You can confirm the identification by seeking a wintergreen odor from the bruised branchlet. If this is not correct, email me and we can discuss further. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi There’s a large section of my wooded property where Rubus idaeus is spreading and thriving. My research has come up with conflicting information and I’m not sure if it is a native of my area. I am in the southwest part of Connecticut. Can you confirm that it is ok to let spread and that it is not invasive in my area? I have been fighting to keep barberry, garlic mustard and burning bush off my property and don’t want another invasive species to take their place. Thank you Danielle
    Answer
    Dear DanielleD, the question you have asked is a bit nuanced. Rubus idaeus is both a native and non-native shrub in New England. There are two subspecies: subsp. strigosus (native) and subsp. idaeus (non-native). They can be identified by the presence/absence of stipitate glands along the axis of the inflorescence and sometimes also on the young stems (present is the native, absent in the non-native). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi, my name is Chloe and I'm here to ask questions for my high school research project. The first question is what kind of work do you do as a botanist? The next is what do you like and dislike about your work? The last question is what is your advice for future botanists? Thank you!
    Answer
    Dear chloev, good afternoon. I am a plant taxonomist, so I study plant identification and classification. As part of this work, I teach people how to identify plants and use that skill to locate and survey for rare species. I'm fortunate as there isn't much that I actually dislike about this work. Sometimes we have to work in difficult conditions (e.g., precipitation, heat, biting insects), but I don't mind these things. Future botanists should be aware that as apps and technology increases for identification help, people are losing their skill at identifying plants. With this comes a loss of detailed knowledge of plants and their morphology--which also impacts our ability to interact with plants in other ways (such as for food and medicine). Intimate knowledge of plants comes from many years of study--not the newest smartphone app. I hope this helps.
  • Question
    Dear Botanist, I have two Prunus americana in my back garden and am worried about how hard they will be to maintain and how large they will get (shooting sucker babies all over the place). Also, I was told that my plum tree needed a friend in order to make plums, which is why I got the second tree. Some website say Prunus americana self-pollinates, other say they cross pollinate, and others say they self-pollinate but will produce even more with a friend. Which is it? Thank you, NI
    Answer
    Dear nillsley, good morning. I too have seen contradictory information on the self-compatibility of Prunus americana. I cannot resolve this question for you, unfortunately. I do notice low fruit set when there is a single large clone of this species, suggesting it is primarily self-incompatible. I think have different genotypes around for pollination is a good practice. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Dear Botanist, Can you tell me what plant this is? I found it in the woods in Lincoln, RI near dogwood, wild geranium, hay scented fern, Christmas fern, and greenbriar. Thanks, Sherry D.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, this is a species of Nabalus (rattlesnake-root; often called by the genus name Prenanthes in older works). The broken leaf with exude white latex from the wound, like in a dandelion (but not as copious). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi there, Woud it be possible for you to identify this sedge found throughout the woods in Lincoln, RI? Thanks so much! Sherry D.
    Answer
    Dear sldz22, good morning. I cannot identify this sedge from the images provided. It appears to be a member of the genus Carex, but beyond that, I would at least need images of the mature fruiting plants. There isn't enough to go on at the moment. If you can get images later in the growing season, I may be able to assist.
  • Question
    I bought this shrub like Eleagnus umbellata, and now it has bloomed for the first time and the flowers don't look like eleagnus and I can't identify the plant. If you enlarge the picture, you can see that it has a kind of thorns near the leaves. Thank you very much!
    Answer
    Dear eugenia, good morning. I'm not certain who your plant is. It appears to be something in the rose family (which includes a large number of woody plants like apple, cherry, plum, hawthorn, pearlbrush, etc.). Go Botany is a website dedicated to wild plants of New England. Plants that are cultivated can originate from all over the world and may be outside my region of expertise. I'm sorry I can't be of help this time.
  • Question
    Hi, Can you tell me if this is a color variation of Trillium erectum (alba?) Or something else? Seen in Southern Vt. amongst "other white and red Trillium". Thank you, Star
    Answer
    Dear starletta, good morning. You've found an extremely rare variation of this Trillium species. I've only seen images of this once. Would you be willing to send me a full size version of this image? If so, please email me at ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org. Thank you.
  • Question
    Hi! I have an indoor lucky bamboo plant that has white bud like sprouts on the stems. Could you please tell me what are those? Do bamboo plants grow buds or flowers? I live in Alberta Canada. Thank you
    Answer
    Dear Sage0101, good morning. Dracaena braunii (lucky bamboo) do produce flowers, but they look very different from the small shoots being produced in your image. These look like new branches/leaves being formed. I don't know why they are white (presumably, they will become green in the near term). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Continues from my last post about possible elderberry. Flowers are off now. But when on were white and smelled amazing. Maybe poke berry ?
    Answer
    MadeleinRae, the plant in the images looks to be a small individual of Sambucus racemosus (red elderberry). The opposite, pinnately compound leaves and array of flowers that is taller than wide point to this species. Sambucus canadensis (black elderberry) has a flat-topped array of flowers, but not Sambucus racemosa. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello I’m sending some more pictures over. The blooms have gone. The bloom structure might be a little different than elderberry is it pokeweed maybe ?
    Answer
    Dear MadeleineRae, there are no images associated with your question. Without them, I won't be able to assist. If you are having trouble uploading images feel free to attach them to an email and send them to ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org. I will try to assist you once I get your email.
  • Question
    Hello! Could you please help me to identify the plants that grow near my neighbor's house? Is it Japanese Knotweed? I live in Northern Massachusetts. Thank you.
    Answer
    Dear ttzh, good afternoon. Yes, this is a species of Winged-knotweed (genus Reynoutria), to which Japanese winged-knotweed belongs. However, the leaf blade shape suggests this is Bohemian winged-knotweed (Reynoutria x bohemica), which has Japanese winged-knotweed as one of its parents. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi! This is on the forest ground next to my driveway in Epping NH. It looks similar to elderberry snd the flower smells amazing. I feel like the leaves are slightly different though. Can you help?!
    Answer
    Dear MadeleineRae, good afternoon. It is hard for me to be certain from the photograph without additional images to provide a view from different angles. The image is consistent with Sambucus racemosa (red elderberry), but, again, I would need other images to be confident. If you an upload more I can try to confirm this hypothesis.
  • Question
    Orleans, MA Seen in profusion in a grassy farmland (dry) field on May 8, 2022. Seems to fit the description of Myosotis discolor, especially the flowers with yellow centers but yellow or white petals turning blue. Leaves are basal and alternate on the stem, and clasping (about 1 cm. long at the base) and the edges have long bristly hairs. The distribution map only shows this species in central MA though. Are there other species that fit this description? (Sorry about the sideways photo!)
    Answer
    Dear d_hamilton, good morning. Yes, I do believe you have collected Myosotis discolor. However, to be certain, I would need a specimen. Is it possible for you to dry this plant and send it to me? If so, I can provide more directions. Please contact me at ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org. This would a new county record and a very rare (non-native) plant in New England, so it would be good to document this population with a specimen. Thank you!
  • Question
    Seek id’ this as green-dragon/Arisaema dracontium. I’ve not seen it before this spring. My property abuts a large wooded conservation area & there is a decent patch spanning the property line. The area has a high water table, deep shade with oaks, white pine, black haw & a recent explosion in the # of low bush blueberries. Did Seek get it right?
    Answer
    Der Jessercat, the plant you have photographed is Lysimachia borealis (starflower; formerly known as Trientalis borealis). This is a common, native, forest understory herb in New England. The plant you were thinking of is found in rich, moist soils (such as high-terrace floodplain forests of moderate-sized to major rivers). Best wishes.
  • Question
    I have several if these coming up in the yard. I picked Ranunculus pensylvanicus (Pennsylvania Buttercup). Agree?
    Answer
    Dear Chris, good morning. There are no images associated with your question. If you are having trouble uploading images, feel free to attach them to an email and send them to ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org and I will try to assist.
  • Question
    Found this plant in Middletown, CT. Partially wooded area, marshy wetlands nearby (~200 feet away). I’m wondering if this is Putty-Root or just something similar looking, I didn’t see a basal leaf but it was also next to a path, could’ve possibly broken off.
    Answer
    Dear amikolinski, hello! You've photographed, in all likelihood, Smilax herbacea (carrion-flower), which is a relative of the green briar, but lacks prickles on the stem. If you can visit this plant shortly, you will see it open up and will have leaf stems that climb/trail by stipular tendrils and spherical arrays of small, green flowers. Best wishes.
  • Question
    popped up in the garden in coastal ct
    Answer
    Dear thatonetreetho, good morning. There is no image associate with your question. Without one (or better, multiple images from different angles) I won't be able to assist you. If you are having trouble uploading images then attach them to an email and send them to ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org and I will try to assist you.
  • Question
    Tiny plant growing on wet gravel/dirt path near old beaver pond, Jonesboro, Maine. There is Houstonia caerula nearby. I can't tell what is sepal and what is petal, or leaf. The plant photo might be upside down. Leaves/sepals/petals seem pubescent. seems pubescent. Stem is yellow-green as are the flowers (if those are flowers). Could it be Linum radiola (I've never seen that).
    Answer
    Dear Carol, good morning to you. You likely have photographed Chrysosplenium americanum (golden-saxifrage), a small, native herb of wetlands, seeps, and shorelines. It is like other saxifrages but has four sepals and petals (rather than five) and has opposite leaves (most other members of the family in the northeast have alternate or all basal leaves). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello ‌ Can you help me identify these two species?
    Answer
    Dear Sadegh, good morning. I'm sorry, I can't assist you. I do wish I could help with your question. Please be aware that Go Botany is a website dedicated to wild plants of New England (United States). While I will entertain any plant-related question, some topics and regions are outside of my expertise. Good luck with your question and I hope you find an answer.
  • Question
    Found this plant in Berlin, CT - a wooded area with wetland close by (about 300ft away). Uploading a photo of the flowers and leaves for better ID. So far no apps have been able to match it. Thank you!
    Answer
    Dear sarinabosco, The plant pictured in your images is Dicentra cucullaria (Dutchman's-breeches), a native member of the poppy family that flowers very early in the season. It is a spring ephemeral and will be largely gone from the forest floor within a 50 days or so, returning to dormancy via its underground storage organ. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I had a plant pop up in my flower bed last year that got to be 6ft tall with really large heart shaped leaves that were velvety. We identified it as a velvet leaf and the web said it was bad. It also said it was an annual. So why has it come back again this year. I live in north west Tennessee and I'm really confused because the web showed it having blooms and pods. This one didn't. Is possible that it's not a velvet leaf?
    Answer
    Dear Shirjean, good morning. Arbutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) is a species of plant that can utilize human-disturbed habitats. It is frequent in areas of cultivation. It is able to store seeds in the seed bank, so removing a mature plant does not necessarily remove all of the seeds. Depending on how many are present, they could germinate for years to come. Without an image, I am not able to tell you what plant you observed. If more come, feel free to post an image so I can help you identify it. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello While walking at the Macdonald Conservation Area ( Readfield ME.) I think I spotted Huperzia Lucidula. Shining Firmoss. The area is woodland and was on the wet/damp side. Could you please confirm? It took me while to find a possible ID. Thanks
    Answer
    Dear efsilver65, good morning. You have photographed Spinulum annotinum (common interrupted-clubmoss). This species is sometimes confused with Huperzia species, but it will produce sessile spore cones at the summit of the upright shoots (rather than having spores borne in alternating zones along the shoot). The genus Spinulum doesn't produce gemmiphores (specialized branches with tiny, six-leaved bulbils), but Huperzia does. So, if this was a species of Huperzia, those branchlets and gemmae would have been present. I hope this is helpful.
  • Question
    Hello! Could you tell me if Rudbeckia nitida is a synonym for R. laciniata? Some sites seem to link them as one.
    Answer
    Dear laurie.r, good morning. Rudbeckia nitida (shiny coneflower) is a species of plant that is perennial native to the southeastern United States. It was described in 1834 and is not a synonym of Rudbeckia laciniata (but a different species in the same genus). Best wishes.
  • Question
    Verigated vine with tiny white flowers.
    Answer
    Dear ejackson.sykes, good morning. There are no images associated with your question. Without them, I won't be able to assist you. If you are having trouble uploading images, feel free to attach them to an email and send them to ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org and I will try to assist. Please be sure to include general location (state, province) and habitat information. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi so i recently found this growing in my yard, i’m not sure what it is but i love it. Kinda resembles some succulents if seen. It looks like it’s growing with the moss like covering a big area. It’s behind my pool deck, on the side of my house where i don’t get much sun and along the fence line. i’ve tried to put some ina pot and bring it inside cause i love the way it looks just want to know more about it if you knew anything ! I’m living in lincoln RI in the salesville area
    Answer
    Dear Stromyy, good morning again. I'm glad you were able to upload an image. It looks like you might have a species of stonecrop (genus Sedum). However, without flowers, I wouldn't be able to confirm the species. If it flowers, please try to get several images from different angles (including the leaves) and I will likely be able to help. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I'm on a mud season trip to Colorado and New Mexico, so I haven't seen these plants in question firsthand, but the Androscoggin Land Trust's stewardship director was checking out a possible property acquisition that includes part of Curtis Bog in Sabbatus and she found what looks like Epigea repens, but with blue flowers. I've only seen white or pinkish flowers. You ever seen blue? Or do we have something else here?
    Answer
    Dear rspeer566, good morning to you. Yes, I have seen Epigaea repens with a slight blue tinge. This isn't the common form that I observe by any means, but it is something I've observed in more than one location. So, you were correct with the identification. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi! so i found this growing in my yard this year i’ve never checked before but i have a small dog now so i always go out and make sure there’s no ways he could get out, i found these everywhere ! Bright green Looks like it grows like a moss cause it’s every where behind my pool deck and the line of the fence. i live in LINCOLN RI so it’s kinda a wet area.
    Answer
    Dear Stromyy, good morning. There is no image associated with your question. Without one, I can't assist you. If you are having difficulty uploading images, feel free to attach them to an email and send them to ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org and I will try to assist you. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Which microrhizae are used by Pyrola picta in Southwestern Washington.
    Answer
    Dear MarcR, good morning. I'm sorry, I can't help you. Micorrhizal associations in the Pacific Northwest are outside of my realm of expertise. Go Botany is a website dedicated to wild plants of New England. I hope you are able to find the answer you are seeking. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Which microrhizae are used bu Pyrola in germination
    Answer
    Dear MarcR, the question you have raised is interesting, but far too open to be able to provide an answer. We would need to know the species and region of the world you are interested in. Here are some links that might get your research stzarted: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33215330/; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28707027/; and https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321019115_Mycorrhiza_of_pyroloids_Pyrola_rotundifolia_P_media_and_Orthilia_secunda_Species_composition_of_symbionts_and_trophic_status_of_plants_in_Russian_Mikoriza_grusankovyh_Pyrola_rotundifolia_P_media_i_Ort. Good luck with your study.
  • Question
    Are any mail order nurseries offering any species of Pyrola or Chimaphyla?
    Answer
    Dear MarcR, good morning. I'm sorry I can't answer your question. My expertise is taxonomy and conservation of New England's plants. You might trying contacting the horticulture department at Native Plant Trust to identify if these are offered, but I do not believe they are shipped through the mail. Good luck with your search.
  • Question
    Hello! I have a question about the length of time it takes for fruit to ripen: do you know of any specie, anywhere, that takes longer than one year to go from flower to fruit? I've been looking for a direct answer to this, but haven't found one yet. Thanks!
    Answer
    Dear Jomog369, good morning. The answer is yes, there are some species that take longer than one year. Members of the black oak group have carpellate (ovule-bearing) flowers that are fertilized in the spring of one year and don't mature until the autumn of the next year. Therefore, they overwinter on the plant as very small, immature acorns. I hope this helps.
  • Question
    Hi, I had heard/experimented with inserting a big nail on a Papaya tree to bear fruits. This technique worked when we tested it in Central India (Madhya Pradesh). I also found that this technique works in other places as well. I would like to know the science behind this and how the plant internally reacts after the nail was insetred. Pls, explain in deatils. Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear abera@smu.edu, I have no experience using this method to produce fruit on papaya trees. However, there are places where you can read that others have done so and succeeded in producing fruit. It has been suggested that the trauma causes the tree to either change sex (from pollen-bearing to fruit-bearing) or invigorate production of fruit in fruit-bearing trees (essentially, if the tree senses trauma that could lead to the death of the plant, all resources go into producing fruit). Again, I have no experience, this is only what I've read. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi there, I have a rose of sharon question. I did a pretty heavy pruning this year and I noticed that after a few days, some of the freshly cut branches developed a dark, fuzzy substance on them. I was wondering if anyone knew what this could be/be caused by and what to do about it to ensure I have a happy, healthy plant. Any help would be great.
    Answer
    Dear Brian.D, good afternoon. I'm unable to answer your question because I am not a horticulturalist or plant pathologist. Go Botany is a website dedicated to wild plants of New England. I do hope you can find an answer to your question. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, I need to know the synthesis of the white powder of the branches in the plant aloidendron dichotomun (Aloe dichotomun or quiver tree), or any other information related to the white powder composition. Thank you!
    Answer
    Dear Yerbi, good morning. The white powder you refer to on the branches of Aloidendron dichotomum is thought to serve the purpose of reflecting the sun to prevent desiccation. What the powder is made of I do not know. Sometimes, in other species of plants, the bloom on various organs is made of waxes that can also have the function of shedding water or making it difficult for insects to adhere to the surfaces. I'm sorry I can't assist you with your question, as this tree is far outside my geographic range of expertise.
  • Question
    Hello, Can you identify this plant, bush, tree? Thank you.
    Answer
    Dear Placo369, good morning. Sorry, the answer is no, I can't from the snippet of image provided. To help you further, I would need more images (leaves, open flowers, etc.) and I would need to know where the plant was growing. Location information is very important for identification. Best wishes.
  • Question
    My photo didnt attach so here is the question again. My great grandmother was given a cutting of this plant 30 years ago and never knew the species. She grew a full plant from it. She has since passed away and we would like to know the species. Searching it by image on Google yields a different result every time, as so a couple of 'plant identifying' apps. It seems the flowers and leaves are similar to lots of other plants. We are in Tasmania, the southern most state of Australia. Thankyou.
    Answer
    Dear jsdsgn, good afternoon. I'm glad to see you were able to post the image to Plant Share. However, as I suspected might be the case, I'm not able to suggest and identification for your plant. You are too far out of my region of expertise. I'm sorry for this and hope you can find a group closer to your home to assist.
  • Question
    Hello! The photos attached are all from the same willow plant found in a wetland on our property in Stowe, VT. The catkins have a rosy hue. Unfortunately, I do not have photos of the leaves as I just noticed the plant. Is there anyway to tell from the photos if this a native species, or even to identify the specific species? If not, what can I look for when this plant leafs out in order to ID? Thank you!
    Answer
    Dear laurie.r, good morning. It is too early in the development of the flowering aments to determine who the willow species is. If you can get some later specimens when they are in full flower with some measurements of the length of the catkins, I may be able to assist then. Best wishes.
  • Question
    In my region zone 8-9 we don't plant Quercus sober or Quercus ilex inside the lawn, so that the water from the sprinklers wont cause the tree to rot, but Im wondering if there is a way to plant inside the tree dripline with lawn grass?
    Answer
    Dear asafraini, good morning. I'm sorry I can't help you with your question. Go Botany is a website dedicated to wild plants of northeastern North America. The species of oak you mention are not familiar to me. I wish I could assist and I hope you find answers to your questions.
  • Question
    My great grandmother was given a cutting of this plant 30 years ago and never knew the species. She grew a full plant from it. She has since passed away and we would like to know the species. Searching it by image on Google yields a different result every time, as so a couple of 'plant identifying' apps. It seems the flowers and leaves are similar to lots of other plants. We are in Tasmania, the southern most state of Australia. Thankyou.
    Answer
    Dear jsdsgn, good morning. There is no image associated with your question. Without one, I definitely can't assist you. That written, it may be difficult for me to offer help because cultivated plants are not my realm of expertise. I'm happy to examine the image and can pass it along to try and find someone who will recognize it. Best wishes and good luck.
  • Question
    I'm not sure this is a plant, it smells like a carcass, surrounded by flies, and appears out of nowhere. But it doesn't happen everyday so I don't know where else to ask. For your information, there is a female turtle living in our small garden so maybe it's a product of it, maybe from its eggs or else. However, it's still confusing about how an unfertilized egg grows from inside the soil. Please help clear our confusion, please. And sorry if this turns out to be not botanical. Thank you :)
    Answer
    Dear pascalitaaaaaaaa, while I can't help you with much confidence, it looks like a fungus to me. You might try asking your question in a fungi group and see what kind of answer you get. Good luck.
  • Question
    Trying to identify this plant that has popped up in various places in my yard. It has a crown like strawberries do, if that makes sense. I’m completely new to gardening/plants!
    Answer
    Dear marcell, good morning. I can't tell you which species you have observed. I would need flowers and your location to do so. Locality information is really important as it helps to narrow down the choices because many plants grow is specific parts of the world. As best I can tell, the leaves might belong to a Geranium (crane's-bill) or a member of the crane's-bill family. Good luck with your mystery.
  • Question
    How can I get some arabidopsis seeds?
    Answer
    Dear billc1023, good afternoon to you. I'm not certain, this is not a plant that I purchase seeds of. You might try using a web search and using terms like "Arabidospis", "seeds", and "price". I presume you are intending to purchase Arabidopsis thalliana, if this is correct, use the specific epithet in your searches as well. Good luck.
  • Question
    Good morning. Fotos from Franklin Co, MA. Any idea as to what plant(s) this is? Thanks.
    Answer
    Dear Redpoll, good afternoon. I do believe I can answer this question with a better image of the entire plant (it is too small for me to see on Plant Share). Can you email me the original images? My email is ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org, I should be able to assist. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi there! I was wondering if you had any insight on the American elm tree? Suppose I am trying to detangle the roots of the tree from an invasive plant (Japanese Knotweed), when would be the optimal time of year to do this? How long can elm tree roots be exposed? Is there a time constraint at all? I live in a 4 season climate.
    Answer
    Der monn7, good afternoon. The short answer to your question is I may not be able to assist you. There are too many variables that I would need to know. I do not know the size of the elm tree you are speaking about. In any case, if I were to attempt something as you state, I would try to do so on rainy/cloudy days to limit water stress and return the roots of the tree as quickly as possible to moistened soil. If the root mass is small enough, it can be dunked in a bucket of water or (otherwise) sprayed with a hose periodically to keep them moist. Good luck.
  • Question
    Could you help me identify this plant? It was found in a marshy area in North Bennington, Vermont. I originally thought that it was a Juncus, but I am unable to see tepals.
    Answer
    Dear doctornancy, good morning. You do indeed have a species of Juncus (rush), but I can't see enough of the plant clearly to tell you which species you have found. If you want to continue to correspond (assuming you still have the specimen) and send some additional images, we can probably figure it out. I'm available at ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Do you know if Agalinis maritima var. grandiflora is a hemiparasitic plant? Where could I find more information about how a hemiparasitic plan functions?
    Answer
    Dear Aunti, as I undestand, species of Agalinis are hemiparasitic plants. You can learn more about these through a web search (use search terms like: hemiparasitism, Agalinis, Orobanchaceae) and you should find articles. Best wishes.
  • Question
    We bought a bamboo and have potted in a huge pot. Since that day it started to become dry and falling out. It’s also winter here. So there isnt enough sun light. We water once a week but still it doesn’t look good
    Answer
    Dear dinesh, good afternoon. I wish I could help you. However, Go Botany is a website dedicated to wild plants of New England. I am happy to entertain cultivation and horticulture questions; however, some of these questions are outside of my realm of expertise. I hope you are able to rescue your plant.
  • Question
    Hello, although this plant is in my yard, I am assuming it is wild as it has popped up last summer. Quickly spreading I attempted to identify it via google lens books etc. Last evening, whilst cleaning up branches from snowfall, I noticed this elusive plant peeking through the snow! It is still quite green! Naturally, I had to investigate & upon touching this clump, it came loose. Curiouser then ever, again trying to identify I found this site! I do hope someone can help. NE PENNA
    Answer
    Dear Ne Penna, good morning. I don't recognize this plant as a species that grows in northeastern North America. Please keep in mind that Go Botany is a website dedicated to wild plants of New England (USA). Though I'm happy to assist with any plant-related question if I can, plants growing outside of this area may not be within my realm of expertise. Best wishes.
  • Question
    I have a Ficus Elastica Tineke. I recently just brought it home from a local seller. She tells me she mixes 30-10-10 fertilizer with distilled water and waters her plant every Saturday. My first watering, I watered it once with tap water and no fertilizer. Now the leaves look like this. Pls help :(
    Answer
    Dear julie920, good morning. I do wish I could help. Go Botany is a website dedicated to wild plants of New England. As such, gardening and horticulture questions are outside of my expertise. I hope you are able to identify what is occurring and keep your plant alive. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello....Iam an undergraduate in Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Nepal. I'm recently working on stinging neetle plant and found some species. I wanted to know it's taxonomy for further research and works. I also want to study its physiology, nutritional value and health benefits on human and other animal species....I need your help. Also, If you could give some guidance and some help ...
    Answer
    Dear sailendrakadel108, Here is a paper for its taxonomy: Henning, T., D. Quandt, B. Grosse-Veldmann, A. Monro, and M. Weigand. 2014. Weeding the Nettles II: A delimitation of “Urtica dioica L.” (Urticaceae) based on morphological and molecular data, including a rehabilitation of Urtica gracilis Ait. Phytotaxa 162: 61–83. Contact me at ahaines@nativeplanttrust.org for other questions you may have. Good luck with your study.
  • Question
    Hello I am a senior in high school and I'm currently working on a project that's about growing a non-native plant in an unfamiliar climate. I am trying to grow the Croton petra in my home and the project requires that I get an expert's opinion/advice to aid my research. Although this is not a New England plant, I was wondering if I was able to interview somebody via email to help give me the guidance I need to appease my teacher. This is a cute lil cite, your time is greatly appreciated!-Lauren
    Answer
    Dear Lauren, good morning. While I cannot offer you much expertise on growing a species of Croton (I'm a plant taxonomist, not a cultivator or horticulturalist), there is someone who may be able to assist. Our horticulturist is Uli Lorimer (ulorimer@nativeplanttrust.org). I cannot speak to his schedule and if he has time, but you might direct your question there for assistance. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, I have a question about Sorbus aucuparia. In the Sorbus key it says it can be distinguished from other species by the fact that the adaxial surface of its leaves are villous, but then in the page https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/sorbus/aucuparia/ it says that the lower surface of the leaflets are hairy. I thought adaxial = upper surface of the leaf, so is there a mistake somewhere?
    Answer
    Dear SigFig, good morning. These two statements are not in contradiction. One speaks to the adaxial (upper) surface and the other speaks to the abaxial (lower) surface. The taxon page (the second resource you mention) simply provides a greater description (i.e., more characteristics) about the plant. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hello, I've been baffled by this yew for years. I originally dig it up in Plymouth MA in 2008 in a wild-ish situation, and am thinking it's either an English or a Japanese Yew (but Japanese is not on your range map). It's upright, not sprawling like canadensis. Also, re: the first bud pic on your cuspidata page really a flower bud, as indicated, or is it a leaf bud? Thanks for any clues.
    Answer
    Dear corylus, good morning. I am hesitant to identify species of Taxus from a couple of images due to the difficulty, this imposed by hybrid plants that have entered the horticulture trade. That written, I offer that your plant is similar to Taxus cuspidata in leaf phyllotaxis and blade shape, winter bud scale shape, and details of the petiole. Taxus cuspidata would be my first hypothesis for your plant. Best wishes.
  • Question
    Hi there, I'm trying to identify these showy plants that grow very tall along roads in VT. I appreciate your help!
    Answer
    Dear jebcas, good afternoon to you. These look like the flowering arrays of Phragmites (reed), most likely Phragmites australis(common reed). Without seeing the stem and leaf sheaths, I can't be certain of the species (we do have a native species, but it is much less common and not often roadside). Best wishes.
  • Question
    I found this vine recently on a boulder in upland woods in Woburn, MA. Is it Vaccinium vitis-idaea? Thanks, Tom
    Answer
    Dear TomW, good afternoon. The image is a little small, but it appears to be Mitchella repens (partridgeberry) that is growing down a small rock face. The opposite leaves support this (Vaccinium species have alternate leaves). Best wishes.