Tilia

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  1a. Leaf blades 7–20 cm long, sometimes pubescent abaxially, especially when young, with stellate hairs; flowers with staminodes
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    T. americana

    2a. Petioles less than 50% as long as the blade, glabrous; mature branchlets glabrous; fruit pericarp ± smooth; branches ascending to spreading; leaf blades serrate to, rarely, obscurely double-serrate
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    T. petiolaris

    2b. Petioles more than 50% as long as the blade, pubescent; mature branchlets usually at least sparsely pubescent; fruit pericarp verrucose and 5-grooved; branches pendulous; leaf blades serrate, double-serrate, or lobed with small lobes
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  1b. Leaf blades 3–9 (–12) cm long, pubescent with simple hairs only; flowers without staminodes
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    T. platyphyllos

    3a. Fruit 8–10 mm long, with a woody pericarp that is conspicuously 5-ribbed; cymes pendent, with 2–5 flowers [Fig. 723]; leaf blades frequently pubescent on the abaxial surface
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    T. cordata

    3b. Fruit 4.5–6.6 mm long, with a membranaceous pericarp that is weakly, if at all, ribbed; cymes obliquely erect, with 4–15 flowers [Fig. 722]; leaf blades glabrous on the abaxial surface except for some tufts of red-brown hairs in the axils of the primary veins

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