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Symphyotrichum cordifolium — heart-leaved American-aster

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Facts

Heart-leaved American-aster is sometimes weedy and is typically found in partial to full shade. It rarely forms hybrids with other American-aster (Symphyotrichum) species, such as New York American-aster (S. novi-belgii) and purple-stemmed American-aster (S. puniceum). The Ojibwa used the root of this species to make a smoke or incense designed to mimic the scent of deer and thus attract deer to come close enough to shoot with a bow and arrow.

Habitat

Anthropogenic (man-made or disturbed habitats), forest edges, forests, meadows and fields

New England distribution

Adapted from BONAP data

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North America distribution

Adapted from BONAP data

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Characteristics

Habitat
terrestrial
New England state
  • Connecticut
  • Maine
  • Massachusetts
  • New Hampshire
  • Rhode Island
  • Vermont
Leaf type
leaves are simple (i.e., lobed or unlobed but not separated into leaflets)
Leaf arrangement
alternate: there is one leaf per node along the stem
Leaf blade edges
  • the edge of the leaf blade has no teeth or lobes
  • the edge of the leaf blade has teeth
Flower type in flower heads
the flower head has tubular disk flowers in the center and ray flowers, these often strap-shaped, around the periphery
Ray flower color
  • blue to purple
  • pink to red
  • white
Tuft or plume on fruit
at least a part of the plume is made up of fine bristles
Spines on plant
the plant has no spines
Leaf blade length
5–150 mm
Disk flower number
  • 11-20
  • 6-10
Show all characteristics

  • Flowers

    Bases of bract appendages
    NA
    Bract color
    • the bracts are colored, or at least tinged with, pink, red or purple
    • the bracts are not colored or tinged with pink, red or purple
    Bract cycle number
    there are three or more cycles of bracts
    Bract inner side hairs
    • the bracts are hairy on their inner surfaces
    • the bracts are not hairy on their inner surfaces
    Bract keels
    the bracts do not have keels
    Bract margins
    there are fine hairs along the bract margins
    Bract outer side hair type
    • the bracts are hairy, with simple hairs on their outer surface
    • the bracts are not hairy on their outer surface
    Bract outer side hairs
    • the bracts are hairy on their outer surfaces
    • the bracts are not hairy on their outer surfaces
    Bract separation
    the bracts appear completely unconnected to one another on all flower heads
    Bract shape
    • the main bracts are lanceolate (widest above the base, then taper narrowly towards the tip)
    • the main bracts are linear (long and very narrow)
    • the main bracts are oblanceolate (widest near the tip, but otherwise narrow and tapering)
    • the main bracts are oblong (roughly rectangular but rounded at the ends)
    Bract spines
    the bracts have no spines
    Bract tip color
    the tips are a different color from the center of the bract
    Bract tip extension appearance
    NA
    Bract tip extension edge
    there are no projections from the bract tips
    Bract tip orientation
    the bracts are pressed against the plant, or spreading out at the tips
    Bract tip shape
    • the tips of the bracts acute (have a sharp point)
    • the tips of the bracts are acuminate (tapered to a narrow point)
    • the tips of the bracts are obtuse (have a blunt point)
    Bracts
    the bracts in separate cycles are similar or gradually changing from the outer to inner cycles
    Disk flower color
    • blue to purple
    • pink to red
    • white
    • yellow
    Disk flower lobe number
    5
    Disk flower number
    • 11-20
    • 6-10
    Disk flower reproductive parts
    the disk flower has both pollen- and seed-producing parts
    Disk flower shape
    • the disk flower is abruptly widened at some point below the lobes
    • the disk flower is tube-shaped (cylindrical), or gradually widening like a funnel
    Flower head number
    each flowering stem has four or more flower heads on it
    Flower head outer flowers
    at the outer edge of the flower head, each flower has a single enlarged lobe or strap
    Flower head platform
    the base has no bristles or papery scales
    Flower head platform surface
    NA
    Flower head position
    • each of the flower heads is separate on its own peduncle (stalk), not clustered in groups
    • some or all the flower heads are grouped in clusters of two or more
    Flower head profile
    • the disk is flat or nearly flat across the top
    • the disk is rounded across the top
    Flower head shape
    • the flower head is shaped like a cone with the point up
    • the sides of the flower head are roughly parallel, like a cylinder
    Flower type in flower heads
    the flower head has tubular disk flowers in the center and ray flowers, these often strap-shaped, around the periphery
    Height of flower head base
    3–6 mm
    Inflorescence branching (Solidago)
    NA
    Inflorescence shape
    the inflorescence is not flat-topped but appears rounded, with some flower heads distinctly higher than others
    Inflorescence stem
    hairs are present on the stem of the inflorescence
    Ovary attachment
    the ovary is attached at or near the base
    Ovary beak
    there is no beak on the ovary
    Ovary cross-section
    the ovary is compressed (flattened)
    Ovary hair type
    the ovary has no hairs on it
    Ovary hairs
    the ovary has no hairs on it
    Ovary lines or ribs
    there are four to six lines or ribs visible on the ovary
    Ovary profile
    • in profile, the ovary is lance-shaped, but widest above the middle
    • in profile, the ovary is roughly egg-shaped, but widest above the middle
    • in profile, the ovary is roughly elliptical (widest in the middle, tapering to both ends)
    Ovary surface
    the ovary surface has no points, bumps or wrinkles, though it may have lines, ribs or wings
    Ovary wing number
    0
    Peduncle hairs
    the peduncles are hairy
    Peduncle length
    3–20 mm
    Ray flower color
    • blue to purple
    • pink to red
    • white
    Ray flower reproductive parts
    the ray flowers have carpels or stamens, but not both
    Ray flowers
    • 11-15
    • 16-25
    • 6-10
    Ray length
    5–10 mm
    Reproductive system
    some of the flowers on the plant have only carpels or stamens, while others have both carpels and stamens
    Scale tip
    NA
    Smaller bracts at base of bracts
    there is no smaller, outer cycle of bracts
    Style branch number
    the style has two branches
    Style branches
    the style branch is narrow at the tip, or the style branches are narrow at the tips
    Width of flower head base
    3–5 mm

  • Fruits or seeds

    Ovary beak length
    0 mm
    Ovary length in developed fruit
    2–2.5 mm
    Seed hair tuft bases
    the pappus hairs are not attached to one another near the base
    Seed hair tuft color
    • the pappus hairs are pale red to red-brown or purple
    • the pappus hairs are tan to dark brown
    • the pappus hairs are white or off-white
    Seed hair tuft details
    the pappus hairs are hooked or barbed
    Seed hair tuft length
    2.5–4.5 mm
    Seed hair tuft tips
    the pappus hairs are slender
    Seed hairs uniform
    all the pappus hairs are approximately the same length
    Seed tuft scale number
    0
    Seed tuft type
    the pappus is made of very fine hairs or bristles
    Top of disk flower ovary
    NA
    Tuft or plume on fruit
    at least a part of the plume is made up of fine bristles

  • Glands or sap

    Leaf blade glands
    the leaf blades have no glandular (translucent) dots or scales
    Ovary glands
    there are no visible glands on the ovary
    Sap
    the sap is clear and watery

  • Growth form

    Growth form
    the plant has one or more free-standing stems
    Plant lifespan
    the plant is perennial, it shows evidence of previous year's leaves, stems or stem bases
    Spines on plant
    the plant has no spines
    Underground organs
    • the plant has a caudex (the root mass is firm and hardened at the top)
    • the plant has a rhizome (a horizontal underground stem with roots growing from it)

  • Leaves

    Final leaf segment length (compound lvs only)
    0 mm
    Final leaf segment width (compound lvs only)
    0 mm
    Hairs on underside of leaf blade
    • the underside of the leaf is fuzzy or hairy
    • the underside of the leaf is not hairy, or has very few hairs
    Hairs on upper side of leaf blade
    • the upper side of the leaf is fuzzy or hairy
    • the upper side of the leaf is not hairy, or has very few hairs
    Leaf arrangement
    alternate: there is one leaf per node along the stem
    Leaf blade base
    the leaf has a distinct petiole
    Leaf blade base shape
    • the base of the leaf blade is cuneate (wedge-shaped, tapers to the base with relatively straight, converging edges), or narrow
    • the base of the leaf blade is rounded
    • the base of the leaf is cordate (heart-shaped) or sagittate (arrow-shaped)
    Leaf blade bloom
    the underside of the leaf has no noticeable bloom
    Leaf blade edges
    • the edge of the leaf blade has no teeth or lobes
    • the edge of the leaf blade has teeth
    Leaf blade flatness
    the leaf is flat (planar) at the edges
    Leaf blade hairs
    the leaf blade has simple hairs with no glands, and not tangled or wooly
    Leaf blade length
    5–150 mm
    Leaf blade shape
    • the leaf blade is elliptic (widest near the middle and tapering at both ends)
    • the leaf blade is lanceolate (lance-shaped; widest below the middle and tapering at both ends)
    • the leaf blade is ovate (widest below the middle and broadly tapering at both ends)
    Leaf blade surface colors
    there is no noticeable color variation on the upper surface of the leaf
    Leaf blade tip
    • the tip of the leaf blade is acuminate (tapers to a long, thin point)
    • the tip of the leaf blade is acute (sharply pointed)
    • the tip of the leaf blade is obtuse (bluntly pointed)
    • the tip of the leaf blade is rounded, with no point
    Leaf blade veins
    the leaf blade has one main vein running from the base towards the tip
    Leaf blade width
    2–75 mm
    Leaf disposition
    the leaves are nearly similar in size, prominence of teeth, and length of stalks throughout the stem
    Leaf spines
    there are no spines on the leaf edges
    Leaf stalk
    the leaves have leaf stalks
    Leaf tip extension
    NA
    Leaf tufts in axils
    there are no clusters of smaller leaves
    Leaf type
    leaves are simple (i.e., lobed or unlobed but not separated into leaflets)
    Leaflet number
    0
    Specific leaf type
    the leaves are simple (i.e., lobed or unlobed but not separated into leaflets

  • Place

    Habitat
    terrestrial
    New England state
    • Connecticut
    • Maine
    • Massachusetts
    • New Hampshire
    • Rhode Island
    • Vermont
    Specific habitat
    • edges of forests
    • forests
    • man-made or disturbed habitats
    • meadows or fields

  • Scent

    Plant odor
    the plant does not have much of an odor

  • Stem, shoot, branch

    Flowering stem cross-section
    the flowering stem is circular, or with lots of small angles
    Leaves on stem
    there is at least one full leaf above the base of the flowering stem
    Stem bloom
    there is no powdery or waxy film on the stem
    Stem internode hair direction
    the hairs point mostly upwards to outwards
    Stem internode hair type
    • the hairs on the stem are plain, without glands or branches, and not tangled
    • the stem has no hairs between the nodes
    Stem internode hairs
    • the stem has hairs between the nodes
    • the stem has no hairs between the nodes
    Stem wings
    the stem does not have wings on it

Wetland status

Not classified

In New England

Distribution

Connecticut
present
Maine
present
Massachusetts
present
New Hampshire
present
Rhode Island
present
Vermont
present

Conservation status

Exact status definitions can vary from state to state. For details, please check with your state.

Maine
unranked (S-rank: SNR)
Massachusetts
fairly widespread (S-rank: S4)
Vermont
widespread (uncertain) (S-rank: S5?)

From Flora Novae Angliae dichotomous key

6.  Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom N

heart-leaved American-aster. Aster cordifolius L.; A. cordifolius L. var. furbishiae Fern.; 
 A. cordifolius L. var. incisus Britt.; A. cordifolius L. var. polycephalus Porter; A. cordifolius L. ssp. sagittifolius (Wedemeyer ex Willd.) A.G. Jones; A. cordifolius L. var. sagittifolius (Wedemeyer 
 ex Willd.) A.G. Jones; A. sagittifolius Wedemeyer ex Willd; Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom var. furbishiae (Fern.) Nesom; S. cordifolium (L.) Nesom var. polycephalum (Porter) Nesom; S. sagittifolium (Wedemeyer ex Willd.) Nesom • CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT. Forests, forest edges, fields, roadsides, waste areas, sometimes weedy and usually found in at least partial shade of trees and/or buildings.

6×15. Symphyotrichum cordifolium × Symphyotrichum novi-belgii → This very rare American-aster hybrid is known from VT. It has adaxially scabrous lower leaves with rounded leaf blade bases that are abruptly contracted to a winged petiole. The capitula have blue rays with wider involucral bracts 0.7–1 mm wide that have a pronounced apical green zone, this sometimes representing 50% of more of the bract length (i.e., some involucral bracts are somewhat foliaceous).

6×21. Symphyotrichum cordifolium × Symphyotrichum puniceum → Symphyotrichum ×‌tardiflorum (L.) Greuter, M.V. Agab., & Wagenitz is a rare American-aster hybrid that can be locally frequent. It is known from CT, MA, ME, NH, VT. 
It has often been associated with Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (usually as a variety 
under the name Aster novi-belgii L. var. tardiflorus (L.) A.G. Jones). It has broad-lanceolate to narrow-ovate leaf blades that are abruptly contracted to a broadly 
winged, somewhat clasping petiole. The involucral bracts are intermediate between 
the parental taxa, being more elongate than in S. cordifolium, and the involucre is (5–) 6–8 mm tall. This nothospecies generally shows blue to light purple rays.

Native to North America?

Yes

Sometimes confused with

Symphyotrichum ciliolatum:
peduncles with few or no bracts, very uneven, some generally exceeding 1 cm, rays 7–15 mm long, and involucral bracts usually green at apex, the outer 0.5–1 mm wide (vs. S. cordifolium, with peduncles copiously bracteate, especially when the peduncles approach or exceed 1 cm in length, rays 4–8 mm long, and involucral bracts often with the chlorophyllous tip partly or wholly obscured by anthocyanin, the outer mostly 0.2–0.7 mm wide).
Symphyotrichum undulatum:
middle and upper stem leaves conspicuously expanded and clasping the stem (vs. S. cordifolium, with middle and upper stem leaves narrowed or stalked at the base and not clasping the stem).

Synonyms

  • Aster cordifolius L.
  • Aster cordifolius L. ssp. sagittifolius (Wedemeyer ex Willd.) A.G. Jones
  • Aster cordifolius L. var. furbishiae Fern.
  • Aster cordifolius L. var. incisus Britt.
  • Aster cordifolius L. var. polycephalus Porter
  • Aster cordifolius L. var. sagittifolius (Wedemeyer ex Willd.) A.G. Jones
  • Aster sagittifolius Wedemeyer ex Willd
  • Symphyotrichum cordifolium var. furbishiae (Fern.) Nesom
  • Symphyotrichum cordifolium var. polycephalum (Porter) Nesom
  • Symphyotrichum sagittifolium (Wedemeyer ex Willd.) Nesom

Family

Asteraceae

Genus

Symphyotrichum