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Native Plant Trust: Go Botany Discover thousands of New England plants

Aronia arbutifolia — red chokeberry

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Facts

Red chokeberry is a multi-stemmed shrub, 6-12 feet (2-4 m) tall, in the rose family. Look for a row of slender glands arrayed along the midvein on the upper side of the leaf. With its masses of delicate white flowers appearing in summer, followed by red berries in early fall, followed by a show of brilliant red leaves in late autumn, and its peeling, reddish bark adding interest in the winter, this is a popular choice as a landscape plant.

Habitat

Anthropogenic (man-made or disturbed habitats), bogs, fens, meadows and fields, swamps, woodlands

New England distribution

Adapted from BONAP data

Found this plant? Take a photo and post a sighting.

North America distribution

Adapted from BONAP data

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Characteristics

Habitat
  • terrestrial
  • wetlands
New England state
  • Connecticut
  • Massachusetts
  • Rhode Island
Growth form
the plant is a shrub (i.e., a woody plant with several stems growing from the base)
Leaf type
the leaf blade is simple (i.e., lobed or unlobed but not separated into leaflets)
Leaves per node
there is one leaf per node along the stem
Leaf blade edges
the edge of the leaf blade has teeth
Leaf duration
the leaves drop off in winter (or they wither but persist on the plant)
armature on plant
the plant does not have spines, prickles, or thorns
Leaf blade length
20–90 mm
Leaf blade width
5–40 mm
Leaf stalk
the leaves have leaf stalks
Fruit type (general)
the fruit is fleshy
Bark texture
the bark of an adult plant is thin and smooth
Twig winter color
  • brown
  • purple
  • red
Bud scale number
there are three or more scales on the winter bud, and they overlap like shingles, with one edge covered and the other edge exposed
Show all characteristics

  • Buds or leaf scars

    Bud scale number
    there are three or more scales on the winter bud, and they overlap like shingles, with one edge covered and the other edge exposed
    Bud scar shape (Fraxinus)
    NA
    Collateral buds
    there are no collateral buds on the sides of the branches
    Leaf scar arrangement
    there is one leaf scar per node on the stem or twig
    Superposed buds
    there are no superposed buds on the branch
    Winter bud stalks
    the winter buds have no stalks

  • Flowers

    Anther color
    there is a noticeable pink, reddish or purplish tint to the anthers
    Carpels fused
    the carpels are fused to one another
    Enlarged sterile flowers
    there are no enlarged sterile flowers on the plant
    Flower petal color
    white
    Flower symmetry
    there are two or more ways to evenly divide the flower (the flower is radially symmetrical)
    Hairs on ovary (Amelanchier)
    NA
    Hypanthium present
    the flower has a hypanthium
    Inflorescence position
    the inflorescences grow on the twigs
    Inflorescence type
    • the inflorescence is a corymb (with long lower branches and shorter upper branches, giving it a more or less flat-topped look)
    • the inflorescence is a monochasial cyme (an axis with a terminal flower, below it a branch with a terminal flower, this branch may itself have a branch and so on)
    Number of pistils
    1
    Ovary position
    • the ovary is above the point of petal and/or sepal attachment
    • the ovary is below the point of petal and/or sepal attachment
    Petal and sepal arrangement
    the flower includes two cycles of petal- or sepal-like structures
    Petal appearance
    the petals are thin and delicate, and pigmented (colored other than green or brown)
    Petal fusion
    the perianth parts are separate
    Sepal appearance
    the sepals resemble leaves in color and texture
    Sepal cilia (Ilex)
    NA
    Sepal tip glands
    there are glands at the tips of the sepal lobes
    Sepals fused only to sepals
    the sepals are fused to each other (not other flower parts), at least near their bases
    Stamen number
    13 or more
    Stamen position relative to petals
    NA

  • Fruits or seeds

    Berry color
    red
    Fruit tissue origin
    the hypanthium of the flower becomes part of the fruit
    Fruit type (general)
    the fruit is fleshy
    Fruit type (specific)
    the fruit is a berry (fleshy, with the wall enclosing one or more sections, with two or more seeds)
    Nut with spines (Fagaceae)
    NA
    Wings on fruit
    there are no wings on the fruit

  • Glands or sap

    Sap color
    the sap is clear and watery
    Stalked glands on fruit (Rosa)
    NA

  • Growth form

    Growth form
    the plant is a shrub (i.e., a woody plant with several stems growing from the base)

  • Leaves

    Hairs on underside of leaf blade
    the underside of the leaf has hairs on it
    Hairs on upper side of leaf blade
    the upper side of the leaf is fuzzy or hairy
    Leaf blade base shape
    the base of the leaf blade is cuneate (wedge-shaped, tapers to the base with relatively straight, converging edges), or narrow
    Leaf blade base symmetry
    the leaf blade base is symmetrical
    Leaf blade bloom
    the underside of the leaf has no noticeable bloom
    Leaf blade edges
    the edge of the leaf blade has teeth
    Leaf blade edges (Acer)
    NA
    Leaf blade flatness
    the leaf is flat (planar) at the edges
    Leaf blade hairs
    the hairs on the leaf blade are different from the choices given
    Leaf blade length
    20–90 mm
    Leaf blade scales
    there are no scales on the leaf blades
    Leaf blade shape
    • the leaf blade is elliptic (widest near the middle and tapering at both ends)
    • the leaf blade is lanceolate (lance-shaped; widest below the middle and tapering at both ends)
    • the leaf blade is oblanceolate (lance-shaped, but with the widest point above the middle of the leaf blade)
    • the leaf blade is oblong (rectangular but with rounded ends)
    • the leaf blade is obovate (egg-shaped, but with the widest point above the middle of the leaf blade)
    Leaf blade texture
    • the leaf blade is coriaceous (has a firm, leathery texture)
    • the leaf blade is herbaceous (has a leafy texture)
    Leaf blade translucent dots
    there are no translucent dots on the leaf blade
    Leaf blade vein pattern
    the main veins of the leaf blade are pinnate (the secondary veins branch off at intervals from the main central vein) and non-arcuate (not arched towards the leaf tip)
    Leaf blade veins
    the leaf blade has one main vein running from the base toward the tip
    Leaf blade width
    5–40 mm
    Leaf duration
    the leaves drop off in winter (or they wither but persist on the plant)
    Leaf form
    the plant is broad-leaved (with broadly flattened leaf blades)
    Leaf lobe tips (Quercus)
    NA
    Leaf midrib glands
    the midrib of the leaf blade has glands on the upper surface
    Leaf stalk
    the leaves have leaf stalks
    Leaf stalk attachment to leaf
    the petiole attaches at the basal margin of the leaf blade
    Leaf stalk nectaries
    there are no nectaries on the leaf stalk
    Leaf stalk shape
    the leaf stalk is not flattened
    Leaf teeth
    the leaf blade margin is serrate (with forward-pointing) or dentate (with outward-pointing) with medium-sized to coarse teeth
    Leaf teeth hairs (Carya)
    NA
    Leaf type
    the leaf blade is simple (i.e., lobed or unlobed but not separated into leaflets)
    Leaves per node
    there is one leaf per node along the stem
    Specific leaf type
    the leaves are simple (i.e., lobed or unlobed but not separated into leaflets
    Stipules
    the plant has stipules

  • Place

    Habitat
    • terrestrial
    • wetlands
    New England state
    • Connecticut
    • Massachusetts
    • Rhode Island
    Specific habitat
    • bogs
    • fens
    • man-made or disturbed habitats
    • meadows or fields
    • swamps
    • woodlands

  • Scent

    Plant odor
    the plant does not have much of an odor, or it has an unpleasant or repellant odor

  • Stem, shoot, branch

    Aerial roots
    the plant has no aerial roots
    Bark texture
    the bark of an adult plant is thin and smooth
    Branch brittleness (willows only)
    NA
    Branch cross-section
    the branch is circular in cross-section, or it has five or more sides, so that there are no sharp angles
    First-year cane (Rubus)
    NA
    Lenticels on twigs
    there are no lenticels on the twigs, or they are very hard to see
    Pith shape
    the outline of the pith in a twig is roughly round
    Short shoots
    there are no peg- or knob-like shoots present
    Twig bloom
    there is no bloom on the twig
    Twig hairs
    the twigs have hairs, but the hairs do not have glands
    Twig papillae (Vaccinium species only)
    NA
    Twig scales
    there are no scales on the twig surface
    Twig winter color
    • brown
    • purple
    • red
    Wings on branch
    the branch does not have wings on it
    armature on plant
    the plant does not have spines, prickles, or thorns

Wetland status

Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally in non-wetlands. (Wetland indicator code: FACW)

In New England

Distribution

Connecticut
present
Maine
present
Massachusetts
present
New Hampshire
present
Rhode Island
present
Vermont
absent

Conservation status

Exact status definitions can vary from state to state. For details, please check with your state.

Massachusetts
fairly widespread (S-rank: S4S5)

From Flora Novae Angliae dichotomous key

1.  Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers. N

red chokeberry. Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers. var. glabra Ell.; A. pyrifolia Lam.; Mespilus arbutifolia L.; Photinia pyrifolia (Lam.) Robertson & Phipps; Pyrus arbutifolia (L.) L. f.; P. arbutifolia (L.) L. f. var. glabra Cronq.; Sorbus arbutifolia (L.) Heynh. • CT, MA, RI; also reported from ME and NH by Magee and Ahles (1999), but specimens are unknown. Woodlands, fields, roadsides, swamps, peaty soils.

1×Sorbus aucuparia L. ×Sorbaronia hybrida (Moench) Schneid. is a rare intergeneric hybrid that sometimes escapes cultivation in New England (it is known from MA). The nothogenus is recognized by its leaves, some or all of which are variably pinnate in which the terminal leaflet is substantially larger than the lateral leaflets (often 2 or more times longer), and the leaf is adaxially provided with dark glands both on the rachis clustered at the origins of the leaflets and along the midvein of the terminal leaflet. 
The hybrid is similar in appearance to Sorbus hybrida L., but that species with larger leaves (7–12 cm long vs. 3–8 cm long), broader flowering inflorescences (6–10 cm wide vs. 2–5 cm wide), and red fruit (vs. purple to black). This nothospecies is pubescent 
in the inflorescence, along new branchlets, and on abaxial leaf surfaces, and it has a dark purple pome.

1×S. aucuparia. Aronia arbutifolia × Sorbus aucuparia → ×Sorbaronia hybrida (Moench) Schneid. is a rare intergeneric hybrid that sometimes escapes cultivation in New England (it is known from MA). The nothogenus is recognized by its leaves, some or all of which are variably pinnate in which the terminal leaflet is substantially larger than the lateral leaflets (often 2 or more times longer), and the leaf is adaxially provided with dark glands both on the rachis clustered at the origins of the leaflets and along the midvein of the terminal leaflet. The hybrid is similar in appearance to Sorbus hybrida L., but that species with larger leaf blades (7–12 cm long vs. 3–8 cm long), broader flowering inflorescences (6–10 cm wide vs. 2–5 cm wide), and red fruit (vs. purple to black). This nothospecies is pubescent in the inflorescence, along new branchlets, and on abaxial leaf surfaces, and it has a dark purple pome.

Native to North America?

Yes

Sometimes confused with

Aronia floribunda:
fruit purple and leaves not or only partially turning red in the fall (vs. A. arbutifolia, with fruit red and leaves turning prominently red in the fall).

Synonyms

  • Aronia. arbutifolia var. glabra Ell.
  • Aronia pyrifolia Lam.
  • Mespilus arbutifolia L.
  • Photinia pyrifolia (Lam.) Robertson & Phipps
  • Pryrus arbutifolia (L.) L. f. var. glabra Cronq.
  • Pyrus arbutifolia (L.) L. f.
  • Sorbus arbutifolia (L.) Heynh.

Family

Rosaceae

Genus

Aronia