Vernonia

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  1a. Involucral bracts apically prolonged into a filiform tip 2–8 mm long [Fig. 476]
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    V. noveboracensis

    2a. Leaf blades lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate, (3.3–) 4–6 or more times as long as wide; pappus brown to purple-brown, the 20 outer scales 0.2–0.6 mm long (rarely longer), abruptly transitioning to the longer, slender, inner bristles
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    V. glauca

    2b. Leaf blades lanceolate to ovate, 2.5–3.5 (–4) times as long as wide; pappus stramineous or very pale brown to nearly white, the outer 30 scales 0.5–1.5 mm long (rarely longer), gradually transitioning to the longer, slender, inner bristles
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  1b. Involucral bracts rounded to acuminate at the apex, but not prolonged
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    V. fasciculata

    3a. Abaxial surface of leaf blades ± glabrous and conspicuously punctate; capitula with 12–25 (–30) flowers
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    V. missurica

    3b. Abaxial surface of leaf blades thinly to densely tomentose, the pubescence usually concealing the puncta; capitula with (30–) 32–55 (–58) flowers

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