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Stachys
See list of 9 species in this genusStachys aspera Michx. was reported from ME (e.g., Fernald 1950b) based on transitional specimens of S. hyssopifolia (annotated by Mulligan and Munro; see reference). Stachys officinalis (L.) Trev. was reported from MA (as S. betonica Benth.) based on a single plant (Knowlton and Deane 1923a). This is not taken here as evidence of naturalization. A similar stance was taken by Mulligan and Munro (1989). References: Epling (1934), Mulligan and Munro (1989).
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1a. Stems, leaf blades (at least abaxially), and calyces densely and softly pilose-tomentose to lanate-tomentose with white to white-gray hairs
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2a. Leaf blades cuneate at the base, the marginal teeth obscured by dense pubescence, the upper surface white to gray-white with dense tomentum; calyx lobes largely concealed by pubescence of inflorescence
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2b. Leaf blades truncate to cordate at the base, the marginal teeth evident, the upper surface gray-green with merely moderately dense tomentum; calyx lobes projecting beyond pubescence of inflorescence and more evident
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1b. Stems, leaf blades, and calyces glabrous to pubescent, the pubescence not both white and woolly, the hairs generally not obscuring the surfaces
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3a. Plants annual, from taproots
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4a. Leaf blades ovate to broad-ovate, truncate to cordate at the base; corolla 6–9 mm long, pink to purple or white; calyx lobes approximately equaling the length of the basal, connate portion
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4b. Leaf blades lanceolate or ovate to oblong or elliptic, cuneate at the bae; corolla 10–16 mm long, pale yellow to white; calyx lobes approximately ½ as long as the basal, connate portion
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3b. Plants perennial, from rhizomes
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5a. Leaf blades linear to narrow-oblong, 3–7 (–12) mm wide, entire or partially serrate with low teeth; calyx glabrous (rarely with a few hairs on the upper side), with triangular lobes that are not prolonged into a spine-like point
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5b. Leaf blades narrow-oblong or lanceolate to triangular or narrow-ovate, 10–40 mm wide, crenate to sharply serrate; calyx pubescent, with lanceolate lobes that are prolonged into a spine-like point
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6a. Petioles (5–) 10–30 (–45) mm long, some at least 20% as long as the associated leaf blade; calyx lobes ca. ½ as long as the basal, connate portion
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6b. Petioles 1–10 mm long, all shorter than 20% as long as the associated leaf blade; calyx lobes ⅔ to fully as long as the basal, connate portion
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7a. Faces of stem glabrous; calyx pubescent with eglandular hairs
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7b. Faces of stem pubescent; calyx pubescent, in part, with glandular hairs
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8a. Calyx pubescent with eglandular hairs rarely longer than 1 mm that are ± of similar length as the glandular hairs; calyx lobes abruptly tapering to a slender tip; corolla usually purple
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8b. Calyx pubescent with eglandular hairs mostly 1.5–3 mm long that are conspicuously longer than the glandular hairs; calyx lobes ± evenly tapering to a slender tip [Fig. 705]; corolla usually pink to light purple
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Each photo represents one species in this genus.