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Anemone
See list of 9 species in this genusAnemone is circumscribed broadly to include Hepatica based on the phylogenetic work of Hoot et al. (1994). Reference: Dutton et al. (1997).
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1a. Leaves dimorphic—the basal ones with 3 (–5)-lobed blades [Fig. 808], the stem ones subtending the flower with simple, lanceolate blades; stem leaves closely subtending the flower
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2a. Apex of leaf lobes rounded to bluntly pointed; sinuses, at most, extending to middle of leaf blade; stem leaves (i.e., bracts) rounded at the apex; achenes 1–1.4 mm wide
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1b. Leaf blades compound or lobed with deep sinuses in A. canadensis, the basal and cauline ones ± similar; stem leaves remotely subtending the flower
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3a. Carpels and achenes glabrous or thinly pubescent, but not tomentose [Fig. 809]; achenes in capitate to spherical clusters; plants with rhizomes (these tuberous in A. blanda)
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4a. Sepals blue (rarely white), numbering 8–14 (–18) per flower; rhizomes tuberous
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4b. Sepals white to pink (rarely blue or purple), numbering (4–) 5–7 (–12) per flower; rhizomes without tubers (but with caudices in A. canadensis)
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5a. Leaves subtending flowers without petioles or these obscure; stems branched, with 1–6 flowers; sepals white; achenes broadly wing-margined; above-ground stems produced from caudices on rhizomes
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5b. Leaves subtending flowers with evident petioles; stems simple, with 1 flower; sepals pink to white (rarely blue or purple in A. nemorosa); achenes merely with a sharp margin; above-ground stems produced directly from rhizomes
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6a. Flowers with 5 sepals; rhizomes white or brown to black, 1–3 mm thick
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6b. Flowers with (5–) 6 or 7 (–12) sepals; rhizomes brown to black, 3–5 mm thick
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3b. Carpels and achenes densely pubescent, the achenes with long, tomentose hairs [Fig. 810]; achenes in oblong to cylindric clusters; plants commonly without rhizomes
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7a. Leaf blades dissected into numerous, narrow segments (1.5–) 2–3.5 (–5) mm wide, those subtending the inflorescence sessile or nearly so; styles deciduous from achenes
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7b. Leaf blades divided into 3–5 broad segments (4–) 6–30 (–40) mm wide, those subtending the inflorescence distinctly petioled; styles persistent on achenes
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8a. Inflorescence subtended by (3–) 5–9 leaves (i.e., involucral bracts); peduncles naked; cluster of achenes 2–4.5 cm tall, 2–5 times as tall as broad; styles crimson; beak of the achene 0.3–1 mm long
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8b. Inflorescence subtended by 2–3 (–5) leaves; peduncles with 2 additional subtending leaves; cluster of achenes 1.5–3 cm tall, mostly 1–1.5 times as tall as broad; styles pale or crimson-tipped; beak of the achene 1–1.5 mm long
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Each photo represents one species in this genus.