Juncus ambiguus — seaside toad rush
![Flowers and fruits: Juncus ambiguus. ~ By Elizabeth Farnsworth. ~ Copyright © 2024 New England Wild Flower Society. ~ Image Request, images[at]newenglandwild.org](https://newfs.s3.amazonaws.com:443/taxon-images-1000s1000/Juncaceae/juncus-ambiguus-ff-efarnsworth.jpg)
![Flowers and fruits: Juncus ambiguus. ~ By Arthur Haines. ~ Copyright © 2024 Arthur Haines. ~ arthur.d.haines[at]gmail.com](https://newfs.s3.amazonaws.com:443/taxon-images-1000s1000/Juncaceae/juncus-ambiguus-ff-ahaines-a.jpg)
![Inflorescences: Juncus ambiguus. ~ By Arthur Haines. ~ Copyright © 2024 Arthur Haines. ~ arthur.d.haines[at]gmail.com](https://newfs.s3.amazonaws.com:443/taxon-images-1000s1000/Juncaceae/juncus-ambiguus-in-ahaines-b.jpg)
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New England distribution
Adapted from BONAP data
Native: indigenous.
Non-native: introduced (intentionally or unintentionally); has become naturalized.
County documented: documented to exist in the county by evidence (herbarium specimen, photograph). Also covers those considered historical (not seen in 20 years).
State documented: documented to exist in the state, but not documented to a county within the state. Also covers those considered historical (not seen in 20 years).
Note: when native and non-native populations both exist in a county, only native status is shown on the map.
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enlargeFacts
Seaside toad rush is part of the toadrush complex (Juncus bufonius), which has been divided into differing numbers of species. Seaside toad rush is a diminutive (usually under 10 cm in height) coastal halophyte (salt tolerator).
Habitat
Brackish or salt marshes and flats, marshes, meadows and fields
Characteristics
- Habitat
- wetlands
- New England state
-
- Connecticut
- Maine
- Massachusetts
- Stem shape in cross-section
- the stem is round or oval in cross-section
- Leaf blade width
- 0.3–1.1 mm
- Leaf blade cross-section
- the leaf blade is flat or rolled in at the edges
- Inflorescence position
- the inflorescence is at the tip of the plant
- Inflorescence branching
- the inflorescence is branched
- Fruit type (general)
- the fruit is a capsule, with at least three seeds in it
- Fruit length
- 2.7–4 mm
- Leaf position on plant
-
- some leaf attachment points are above the midpoint of the stem
- the attachment points of all the leaves are at or near the base of the plant
- Perianth composition
- the perianth is green or brown, with six sepal-like parts, and a leafy texture
- Fruit cross-section
- the fruit is triangular to terete (circular) in cross-section
-
Flowers
- Anther color (dry)
- the anthers range in color from white to tan or yellow to yellow-brown
- Anther length
- 0.3–0.8 mm
- Floral bristle color
- NA
- Floral bristle number
-
- 0
- NA
- Floral bristle relative length
- NA
- Floral bristles
- NA
- Floral scale hairs
- NA
- Floral scale length
- 0 mm
- Floral scale nerves
- NA
- Flower number per cluster
- 1
- Inflorescence bract angle
- the bracts are vertical or angled only slightly outwards
- Inflorescence bract number
- there are two to five bracts per inflorescence
- Inflorescence bract position (Sparganium)
- NA
- Inflorescence bracts
- there are at least two bracts, and they are either flat or folded or rolled in at the edges
- Inflorescence branching
- the inflorescence is branched
- Inflorescence crowding
-
- the inflorescence is at least somewhat spread out, with at least one branch coming from the main stem
- the inflorescence is crowded together in one tight cluster
- Inflorescence position
- the inflorescence is at the tip of the plant
- Inflorescence shape
- the aggregations within the inflorescence are roughly circular (not flattened) in cross-section
- Inflorescence type
- there are two or more flowers, spikes or flower clusters on a branched inflorescence
- Perianth composition
- the perianth is green or brown, with six sepal-like parts, and a leafy texture
- Stamen length
- 1–2.6 mm
- Stamen number
-
- 3
- 4-6
- Stigma number
- 3
- Style division
- the style is divided nearly from the base
- floral bristle barbs
- NA
-
Fruits or seeds
- Achene beak length
- 0 mm
- Achene surface texture
- NA
- Achene tubercle relative width
- NA
- Achene tubercle width
- 0 mm
- Capsule relative length
-
- the capsule is about equal to the perianth
- the capsule is longer thant he perianth
- the capsule is shorter than the perianth
- Fruit cross-section
- the fruit is triangular to terete (circular) in cross-section
- Fruit length
- 2.7–4 mm
- Fruit type (general)
- the fruit is a capsule, with at least three seeds in it
- Fruit type (specific)
- the fruit is a capsule (splits along two or more seams, apical teeth or pores when dry, to release two or more seeds)
- Locules in capsule
- the capsule has three locules
- Seed length
- 0.26–0.49 mm
- Seed tail relative length
- 0.26–0.5 mm
- Seed tails
- there is no tail on the seeds
- Tubercle height
- 0 mm
-
Growth form
- Lifespan
- the plant lives only a single year or less
- Underground organs
- there are only slender roots on the plant
-
Leaves
- Auricle length
- 0 mm
- Auricle texture
- NA
- Auricles
- there are no auricles on the leaf sheath
- Leaf blade cross-section
- the leaf blade is flat or rolled in at the edges
- Leaf blade length
- 30–130 mm
- Leaf blade width
- 0.3–1.1 mm
- Leaf form
- all the leaves hold their form out of water
- Leaf position on plant
-
- some leaf attachment points are above the midpoint of the stem
- the attachment points of all the leaves are at or near the base of the plant
- Leaf septa
- the leaf blades do not have transverse septa
- Leaf sheath hairs
- the leaf sheathes are without hairs
- Pedicel length (Typha)
- 0 mm
- Stem leaf blade ligules
- there are no ligules at the leaf blade bases
- Stem leaf blades
- there are fully-developed leaves with leaf blades on the main stem
-
Place
- Habitat
- wetlands
- New England state
-
- Connecticut
- Maine
- Massachusetts
- Specific habitat
-
- brackish or salt marshes and flats
- marshes
- meadows or fields
-
Stem, shoot, branch
- Plant height
- 5–40 cm
- Stem shape in cross-section
- the stem is round or oval in cross-section
- Stem texture near tip
- the stem feels smooth near the tip
Wetland status
Not classified
New England distribution and conservation status
Distribution
- Connecticut
- present
- Maine
- present
- Massachusetts
- present
- New Hampshire
- absent
- Rhode Island
- absent
- Vermont
- absent
Conservation status
Exact status definitions can vary from state to state. For details, please check with your state.
- Maine
- unranked (S-rank: SNR)
- Massachusetts
- extremely rare (uncertain) (S-rank: S1?)
Native to North America?
Yes
Sometimes confused with
- Juncus bufonius:
- inner tepals acute to acuminate, exceeding the capsule, capsules mostly acute to subacute at apex, and inflorescences relatively open (vs. J. ambiguous, with inner tepals rounded to acute at the apex, many equaling or shorter than the capsule, capsules mostly truncate at apex, and inflorescences relatively dense).
Family
Genus
From the dichotomous key of Flora Novae Angliae
3. Juncus ambiguus Guss. NC
seaside toad rush. Juncus bufonius L. var. halophilus Buch. & Fern. • CT, MA, ME. Upper edges of saline marshes, low areas in fields and other open areas near the Atlantic coast. See Haines (2000c) and references cited therein for rationale for recognition of this species.